The discussion centers on the motion of Cooper pairs in superconductors, particularly how they can move swiftly across a lattice at low temperatures. It is established that as temperature decreases, particle motion in a lattice diminishes; however, Cooper pairs, formed by electrons with velocities near the Fermi velocity (approximately 10^6 m/s for most metals), can still exhibit significant movement. The Pauli exclusion principle prevents all electrons from having zero momentum, allowing the lowest energy electrons to be easily excited and contribute to the dynamics of Cooper pairs.
PREREQUISITESPhysicists, materials scientists, and students studying superconductivity and quantum mechanics will benefit from this discussion.