How Do You Reverse a DC Motor's Rotation Direction?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the methods for reversing the rotation direction of a DC motor. Participants explore the implications of changing rotor current and field current, as well as practical applications and characteristics of DC machines.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants suggest that reversing the voltage to a DC motor will reverse its rotation, but this is contested depending on the type of motor and its configuration.
  • One participant notes that to change the direction of rotation, the rotor current must be changed while keeping the field direction constant.
  • Another participant raises a question about whether reversing both the rotor and field currents together would affect the direction of rotation.
  • A practical example is provided where an external DPDT switch was used to successfully reverse the motor direction in an electric drill.
  • There is a proposal that including a bridge rectifier inside the motor could allow for the field current to remain constant while reversing the terminal voltage, potentially enabling rotation reversal without changing the field current.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on whether reversing the voltage alone is sufficient to reverse motor rotation, indicating that multiple competing views remain on the topic.

Contextual Notes

Some assumptions about motor configurations and characteristics are not fully explored, such as the specific types of DC motors being discussed (e.g., shunt vs. series). The implications of using a bridge rectifier are also not resolved.

Femme_physics
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Kind of a silly question, maybe, but just confirming... If I want the motor at S1 to rotate to one side, and at S2 to rotate to the other side... I just do that?

http://img651.imageshack.us/img651/4167/motorfp.jpg
 
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Yes, that will reverse the direction of rotor current. :smile:
 
Ahh...too easy! Thanks.
 
DC machines have some really nice characteristics, this being one of them. Easy speed control is another. They have some no-so-nice characteristics, like carbon brushes that wear and commutators that spark, but it is all a trade off.
 
OldEngr63 said:
DC machines have some really nice characteristics, this being one of them. Easy speed control is another. They have some no-so-nice characteristics, like carbon brushes that wear and commutators that spark, but it is all a trade off.
The one I like most of all is the BIG starting torque!

OldEngr63, you might be able to answer something that I glossed over in my brief answer here. Notice I said reverse the rotor current. With the typical DC motor having field and rotor in series, I'm wondering if we reverse the polarity of both together will the rotor spin not reverse?
 
To change the direction of rotation, we need to change the direction of the rotor current while holding the field direction constant. If the rotor and field are in series, then reversing the external terminals should have no effect on the direction of rotation.
 
Femme_physics said:
Kind of a silly question, maybe, but just confirming... If I want the motor at S1 to rotate to one side, and at S2 to rotate to the other side... I just do that?

Practical example: I have a 1/2"-drive, electric drill. The reversing switch recently broke. I wired an external DPDT switch in a small box, that accomplishes exactly what you have indicated.
Yay it works again. Wooo hoo.
happy0064.gif
 
On my first read of this question I wondered whether it originated with a trick question. We are all told how reversing the voltage to a DC motor reverses its rotation. Except it doesn't— not unless the motor has permanent magnets for the field. Otherwise, one must reverse the rotor current, or the field current, but not both together. https://www.physicsforums.com/images/icons/icon6.gif

Pondering this further: I guess it would be feasible, especially with the lower current of a shunt field, to include a bridge rectifier inside the motor to maintain the direction of the field current even when the motor's terminal voltage is reversed. So then we really would have a DC motor whose rotation reversed when the terminal voltage was reversed! https://www.physicsforums.com/images/icons/icon10.gif
 
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