The discussion centers on the distinctions between individuals who engage in unethical behaviors, such as stealing and cheating, and those who act ethically. It posits that ethical behavior is a clear indicator of goodness, while unethical actions, regardless of legal repercussions, signify evil. The conversation highlights the complexity of defining "righteous" individuals, noting that some of the worst crimes can be committed by those who appear morally upright. There is mention of research suggesting physical differences in the brains of criminals compared to non-criminals, although skepticism exists regarding the visibility of these differences. The role of environmental factors and upbringing in shaping behavior is emphasized, illustrated by the example of identical twins raised in contrasting circumstances. This underscores the idea that social situations significantly influence moral development and behavior.