The discussion centers on identifying the next number in the sequence: 61, 115, 771, 4129, 15649. The correct answer, identified by a participant named Borek, is noted as 11111. The problem-solving approach involved intuition and trial and error, with comparisons to other sequences and functions. The participant utilized mental arithmetic and spreadsheets to analyze differences, which ultimately revealed an arithmetic progression in the differences between the original and derived sequences. The entire process took between 5 to 10 minutes.