To overcome the Coulomb Barrier, particles require energy levels typically between 3-10 keV, though classical physics suggests this is insufficient. Quantum mechanics allows for tunneling, which provides a low probability for fusion events, particularly in proton-proton interactions, where fusion occurs only once in millions of years in the sun's core. Isotopes like deuterium and tritium have a higher fusion probability, with optimal energy levels ranging from 15 to 100 keV. The ITER project aims to achieve fusion using deuterium-tritium at around 10-15 keV. Recent innovations propose methods to reduce or eliminate the Coulomb Barrier, potentially enhancing fusion efficiency.
