To apply for a Ph.D. program in physics at MIT, candidates generally need a bachelor's degree in physics, GRE scores (with a focus on the physics GRE), an application form, letters of recommendation, and preferably research experience, although the latter is not strictly required. A high GPA and strong test scores are also essential. The average duration for completing a Ph.D. in physics is about 6.5 years, with a range of 4 to 8 years depending on various factors like personal motivation and project specifics. Graduate students often secure teaching or research assistantships, which cover tuition and provide a stipend. Admission competitiveness varies by division within the physics department, with some divisions receiving more applications than others. When selecting a physics program, prospective students should prioritize the research opportunities and the reputation of potential dissertation advisors over the institution's overall name recognition.