Probability of a particle in a box in the first excited state.

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Homework Help Overview

The problem involves finding the probability of a particle in the first excited state within a one-dimensional box of length L, specifically in a small interval around a given position. The context is rooted in quantum mechanics and wave functions.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory, Conceptual clarification, Mathematical reasoning

Approaches and Questions Raised

  • The original poster attempts to calculate the probability using integration of the wave function squared over a specified interval. Some participants suggest approximating the area under the curve of the probability density function instead of performing the integration due to the small size of the interval.

Discussion Status

The discussion is ongoing, with participants exploring different methods to approach the problem. There is a recognition that the small interval allows for simplifications, and some guidance has been provided regarding approximating the integral.

Contextual Notes

Participants note the unusual nature of approximating an integral in this context and discuss the implications of using a small interval for the probability calculation. There is also mention of potential fractional error considerations, although this is acknowledged as outside the scope of the original question.

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Homework Statement


A particle is in the first excited state of a box of length L. Find the probability of finding the particle in the interval ∆x = 0.007L at x = 0.55L.

Homework Equations


P = ∫ ψ*ψdx from .543L to .557L


The Attempt at a Solution


Normalizing ψ gives ψ=√(2/L)sin(nπx/L)
P = ∫ ψ*ψdx = ∫(2/L)sin^2(nπx/L)dx from .543L to .557L
The integration simplifies to
P = x/L - sin(4πx/L)/4
so P = [.557L/L - sin(4π*.557L/L)/4] - [.543L/L - sin(4π*.543L/L)/4]
P = 0.0132 or 1.32%

This is wrong though and the hint given afterwords was that because the Δx is so small, there is no need for integration. This just confuses me because abs(ψ)^2 will have a 1/L factor in it. Any help will be useful. Thanks!
 
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Ah, ok, think of how you would approximate the area under a small section of a graph. (What is the simplest shape you can use?) And your 'graph' is abs(ψ)^2 against x, with Δx= 0.007L
 
Thanks

Thanks for reminding me that dx can be approximated as Δx. For some reason I didn't make that jump
 
hehe yeah, that's alright. It is quite unusual to do an 'approximate integral' in this way. You could maybe even calculate the fractional error (to first order), by calculating the derivative of abs(ψ)^2, and finding the difference that this makes to the approximation.

(but that's not part of the question, so whatever).
 

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