Proof about inner product spaces

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on proving that in a real inner-product space V, given a linearly independent list of vectors (v1, ..., vm), there exist exactly 2^m orthonormal lists (e1, ..., em) such that the spans of the original and orthonormal lists are equivalent for all j in {1, ..., m}. The proof involves constructing orthonormal vectors from an orthogonal basis and demonstrating that each additional vector doubles the number of valid orthonormal lists due to the choice of positive and negative orientations. The final conclusion confirms that the number of orthonormal lists grows exponentially with the number of vectors.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of inner-product spaces and their properties
  • Familiarity with the concept of linear independence
  • Knowledge of orthogonal and orthonormal bases
  • Proficiency in vector projection techniques
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the properties of orthonormal bases in real inner-product spaces
  • Learn about the Gram-Schmidt process for constructing orthonormal bases
  • Explore the implications of linear independence in vector spaces
  • Investigate the concept of span and its applications in linear algebra
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Students and educators in linear algebra, mathematicians focusing on vector spaces, and anyone interested in the theoretical foundations of inner-product spaces.

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Homework Statement


Suppose V is a real inner-product space and (v1, . . . , vm) is a
linearly independent list of vectors in V. Prove that there exist
exactly 2^m orthonormal lists (e1, . . . , em) of vectors in V such
that
span(v1, . . . , vj) = span(e1, . . . , ej)
for all j ∈ {1, . . . , m}.

Homework Equations


The Attempt at a Solution



Alright, just to be sure I have the right idea (this is not the proof attempt)
I'll consider an orthogonal basis {u1} with j=1 so the non orthogonal basis for V
is {v1}.
I guess that if j=1 then let u1=v1 so e1=u1/llu1ll so two possible orthonormal lists are {e1} and{-e1} then after adding an additional element to the basis {v1} (call it
v2) j becomes 2, the non-orthogonal becomes {v1,v2}, the orthogonal basis is {u1,u2}
and u2=v2-proj_u2(v2) and e2=u2/llu2ll (with the other possible orthonormal basis
being -e2) but since e1 and -e1 cannot share
the same list, they must be put in separate (but similar) lists which double
the amount of lists from when j was 1 so now we have {e1, e2} and {e1, -e2}
and {-e1, e2} finally {-e1, -e2} four possible orthonormal lists. If m=j, that's it,
but if not, eventually when it does, we will keep multiplying 2^j by 2 as each vj is added to the basis {v1..vj-1}.
This isn't the proof, just want to see if I'm seeing this right.
 
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Are you sure you stated the problem right? Consider, for example, that any two-dimensional real inner-product space has infinitely many orthonormal bases.

(edit: aha, nevermind)
 
Last edited:


Yeah, that's the basic idea. Given e_1,..., e_{j-1}, there are two choices for e_j and they are additive opposites of each other
 

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