MHB Prove a triangle is equilateral

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The discussion centers on proving that a triangle is equilateral if the condition \( ab^2\cos A = bc^2\cos B = ca^2\cos C \) holds. Participants express initial confusion and acknowledge mistakes in their approaches, particularly regarding the use of linear algebra versus analytical methods. One user thanks another for their contribution and confirms the correctness of their solution. A hint is provided for a more straightforward proof method. The conversation highlights the challenges and collaborative efforts in solving the geometric problem.
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Let $a,\,b,\,c$ be the sides and $A,\,B,\,C$ be the opposite angles angles of a triangle.

Show that if $ab^2\cos A=bc^2\cos B=ca^2\cos C$ then the triangle is equilateral.
 
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Let's try.
From the equalitys we got $$\left\{\begin{array}{c}ab cos A - c^2cos B = 0 \\ b^2 cos A - ac cos C =0 \\ cbcos B-a^2cos C=0 \end{array}\right.$$.

Given any constants, $$a, b, c>0$$ we can consider the matrix $$M=\left(\begin{array}{ccc}ab & -c^2 & 0\\
b^2 & 0 & -ac \\ 0 & cb & -a^2\end{array}\right)$$
Then $$rank(M)=2$$ and it's easy to see that $$kernel(M)=<(1,1,1)>$$ and any solution of $$Mx=0$$ should be in the kernel.
Hence, $$cos \ A= cos \ B= cos \ C$$ and the triangle is equilateral.

Wait, this is not correct, mixed two different things over the paper, i will try to fix it.
 
Last edited:
Fallen Angel said:
Let's try.
From the equalitys we got $$\left\{\begin{array}{c}ab cos A - c^2cos B = 0 \\ b^2 cos A - ac cos C =0 \\ cbcos B-a^2cos C=0 \end{array}\right.$$.

Given any constants, $$a, b, c>0$$ we can consider the matrix $$M=\left(\begin{array}{ccc}ab & -c^2 & 0\\
b^2 & 0 & -ac \\ 0 & cb & -a^2\end{array}\right)$$
Then $$rank(M)=2$$ and it's easy to see that $$kernel(M)=<(1,1,1)>$$ and any solution of $$Mx=0$$ should be in the kernel.
Hence, $$cos \ A= cos \ B= cos \ C$$ and the triangle is equilateral.

Wait, this is not correct, mixed two different things over the paper, i will try to fix it.

Hi Fallen Angel,

Let me first thank you for participating in this challenge of mine!:)

But, I must tell you that I am out of my depth in linear algebra and hence, I might not be available to comment on your solution.:(
 
anemone said:
Let $a,\,b,\,c$ be the sides and $A,\,B,\,C$ be the opposite angles angles of a triangle.

Show that if $ab^2\cos A=bc^2\cos B=ca^2\cos C$ then the triangle is equilateral.

While we're still waiting for Fallen Angel's second submission to this challenge problem:o, I would like to reveal a hint to solve for it using elementary way:

Relate the given equality with the Law of Cosines.
 
Hi,

Sorry, at first I thought that working with linear algebra would give a pretty solution, but now I see it's essentially the same than doing it analitically but in a longer way.
 
$$\cos A=\frac{b^2+c^2-a^2}{2bc}$$$$\cos B=\frac{a^2+c^2-b^2}{2ac}$$$$\cos C=\frac{a^2+b^2-c^2}{2ab}$$$$ab^2\cos A=\frac{abc}{2}+\frac{ab^3}{2c}-\frac{a^3b}{2c}$$$$bc^2\cos B=\frac{abc}{2}+\frac{bc^3}{2a}-\frac{b^3c}{2a}$$$$a^2c\cos C=\frac{abc}{2}+\frac{a^3c}{2b}-\frac{ac^3}{2b}$$Hence we have$$\frac{ab}{2c}(b^2-a^2)=\frac{bc}{2a}(c^2-b^2)=\frac{ac}{2b}(a^2-c^2)$$For an equilateral triangle, equality holds.$$\text{ }$$For a triangle with $a>b=c$, the middle term is zero and the other two terms are non-zero, so equality does not hold.$$\text{ }$$For a triangle with $a>b>c$, the first term is negative and the third term is positive, so equality does not hold.$$\text{ }$$Thus, equality only holds if $a=b=c$, i.e. if triangle $ABC$ is equilateral.
 
greg1313 said:
$$\cos A=\frac{b^2+c^2-a^2}{2bc}$$$$\cos B=\frac{a^2+c^2-b^2}{2ac}$$$$\cos C=\frac{a^2+b^2-c^2}{2ab}$$$$ab^2\cos A=\frac{abc}{2}+\frac{ab^3}{2c}-\frac{a^3b}{2c}$$$$bc^2\cos B=\frac{abc}{2}+\frac{bc^3}{2a}-\frac{b^3c}{2a}$$$$a^2c\cos C=\frac{abc}{2}+\frac{a^3c}{2b}-\frac{ac^3}{2b}$$Hence we have$$\frac{ab}{2c}(b^2-a^2)=\frac{bc}{2a}(c^2-b^2)=\frac{ac}{2b}(a^2-c^2)$$For an equilateral triangle, equality holds.$$\text{ }$$For a triangle with $a>b=c$, the middle term is zero and the other two terms are non-zero, so equality does not hold.$$\text{ }$$For a triangle with $a>b>c$, the first term is negative and the third term is positive, so equality does not hold.$$\text{ }$$Thus, equality only holds if $a=b=c$, i.e. if triangle $ABC$ is equilateral.

Hi greg1313! Thanks for participating and your solution is correct! Well done!:)

Or we could also prove it using the method below:

$ab^2\cos A=bc^2\cos B=ca^2\cos C$

$\dfrac{ab(bc\cos A)}{c}=\dfrac{bc(ac\cos B)}{a}=\dfrac{ac(ba\cos C)}{b}$

$\dfrac{ab(b^2+c^2-a^2)}{2c}=\dfrac{bc(c^2+a^2-b^2)}{2a}=\dfrac{ac(a^2+b^2-c^2)}{2b}$

$\dfrac{b^2+c^2-a^2}{c^2}=\dfrac{c^2+a^2-b^2}{a^2}=\dfrac{a^2+b^2-c^2}{b^2}$

Therefore we get

$a^2b^2+a^2c^2-a^4=c^4+a^2c^2-b^2c^2\implies a^2b^2+b^2c^2=a^4+c^4$---(1)

$b^2c^2+a^2b^2-b^4=a^4+a^2b^2-a^2c^2\implies b^2c^2+a^2c^2=a^4+b^4$---(2)

$a^2c^2+b^2c^2-c^4=b^4+b^2c^2-a^2b^2\implies a^2c^2+a^2b^2=b^4+c^4$---(3)

Adding the equations (1), (2) and (3) up yield $2a^2b^2+2a^2c^2+2+b^2c^2=2a^4+2b^4+2c^4$

Equivalently $(a^2-b^2)^2+(b^2-c^2)^2+(c^2-a^2)^2=0$

So it must be $a^2=b^2=c^2$ and $a=b=c$.
 

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