Prove Uniform Convergence of f_n=sin(z/n) to 0

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Homework Help Overview

The problem involves demonstrating the uniform convergence of the function \( f_n = \sin\left(\frac{z}{n}\right) \) to 0 within an annulus defined by \( \alpha \leq |z| \leq \beta \). The original poster is seeking to establish a condition \( K(\epsilon) \) such that for all \( n \geq K \), the inequality \( |\sin\left(\frac{z}{n}\right)| < \epsilon \) holds.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory, Assumption checking, Mathematical reasoning

Approaches and Questions Raised

  • The original poster attempts to find a suitable \( K(\epsilon) \) but struggles with the relationship between \( \sin\left(\frac{z}{n}\right) \) and \( \sin\left(\frac{\alpha}{n}\right) \). Some participants suggest using the property \( |\sin(x)| \leq |x| \) and question its applicability to complex numbers.

Discussion Status

Participants are exploring different properties of the sine function and its behavior in the complex plane. There is an ongoing examination of how to apply known inequalities and whether they hold in the context of complex variables. Some guidance has been provided regarding the use of hyperbolic functions, but no consensus has been reached on the best approach to prove uniform convergence.

Contextual Notes

The discussion is constrained by the need to work within the specified annulus and the complexities introduced by the function being defined in the complex domain. The original poster's attempts and the subsequent suggestions highlight the challenges of applying real-variable results to complex functions.

stephenkeiths
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Homework Statement


I need to show that [itex]f_{n}[/itex]=sin([itex]\frac{z}{n}[/itex]) converges uniformly to 0.

Homework Equations


So I need to find K([itex]\epsilon[/itex]) such that [itex]\forall[/itex][itex]n \geq K[/itex]
|sin([itex]\frac{z}{n}[/itex])|<[itex]\epsilon[/itex]

I'm trying to prove this in an annulus: [itex]\alpha\leq |z| \leq\beta[/itex]

The Attempt at a Solution


I'm having trouble because no matter what I choose for K I can't get the epsilon to come out.
I'm trying something like K([itex]\epsilon[/itex])=[itex]\frac{1}{\alpha\epsilon}[/itex].

My problem is that I can't say that sin([itex]\frac{z}{n}[/itex])<sin([itex]\frac{\alpha}{n}[/itex])

Which is how I've been doing these uniform convergence ones (recasting in terms of [itex]\alpha[/itex] instead of z).

Anyways I was hoping I could get some help on how to proceed.

Thanks!
 
Last edited:
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Try using the fact that [itex]|\sin(x)| \leq |x|[/itex] for all [itex]x[/itex].
 
Does that work for complex numbers too? It strikes me that if y=Im(z), then sin(z)<=cosh(y) ??

Writing z as z=x+iy, then sin(z)=[itex]\frac{e^{iz}-e^{-iz}}{2i}[/itex] becomes: [itex]\frac{1}{2i}[/itex]([itex]e^{-y+ix}[/itex]-[itex]e^{y-ix}[/itex]) Then taking the magnitude and using the triangle inequality, it seems it'd come to [itex]\frac{1}{2}[/itex]|[itex]e^{y}[/itex]|+[itex]\frac{1}{2}[/itex]|[itex]e^{-y}[/itex]|

So then I can't use |sin(z)|[itex]\leq[/itex]|z| ?
 
Last edited:
Any suggestions? Or comments?
 
Sorry, I didn't notice you were working with complex numbers. In that case if we write [itex]z = x + iy[/itex], then
[tex]\sin(z) = \sin(x) \cosh(y) + i \cos(x) \sinh(y)[/tex]
so
[tex]|\sin(z)| \leq |\sin(x) \cosh(y)| + |\cos(x) \sinh(y)| \leq<br /> |\cosh(y)| + |\sinh(y)|[/tex]
Therefore,
[tex]|\sin(z/n)| \leq |\cosh(y/n)| + |\sinh(y/n)|[/tex]
So the problem reduces to showing that cosh(y/n) and sinh(y/n) converge uniformly to zero in the annulus as [itex]n \rightarrow \infty[/itex].
 

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