Proving Injectivity of Group Homomorphism Given Relations

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on proving the injectivity of the group homomorphism f: G → A_4, where G is defined by the presentation G = ⟨x,y | x², y³, (xy)³⟩ and f(x) = a, f(y) = b with a = (12)(34) and b = (123). The participant has established the uniqueness of the homomorphism and identified the subgroup H = ⟨y⟩ along with the cosets A = {H, xH, yxH, y²xH}. They suggest that the first isomorphism theorem may be relevant but struggle to connect the established cosets to the proof of isomorphism. The participant recalls a similar problem involving D_{2n} and seeks guidance on rewriting elements of G to facilitate the proof.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of group theory concepts, specifically group homomorphisms and isomorphisms.
  • Familiarity with the first isomorphism theorem for groups.
  • Knowledge of cosets and subgroup structures.
  • Experience with group presentations and relations.
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the first isomorphism theorem in detail to understand its application in proving injectivity.
  • Learn about rewriting elements of groups in terms of generators and relations.
  • Explore examples of proving isomorphisms in groups with similar presentations.
  • Investigate the structure of the symmetric group A_4 and its properties relevant to homomorphisms.
USEFUL FOR

This discussion is beneficial for students of abstract algebra, particularly those studying group theory, as well as educators looking for examples of homomorphism proofs and isomorphism applications.

a.powell
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Homework Statement



Let G = \langle x,y \ | \ x^2, y^3, (xy)^3 \rangle, and f: G \rightarrow A_4 the unique homomorphism such that f(x) = a, f(y) = b, where a = (12)(34) and b = (123). Prove that f is an isomorphism. You may assume that it is surjective.

Homework Equations



N/A

The Attempt at a Solution



The previous stages of the question proved that the stated homomorphism was in fact unique, and considered the subgroup H = \langle y \rangle along with the set of cosets A = \{H, xH, yxH, y^2xH\}, from which I have proven that gH \in A, \ \forall g \in G. I'm not sure what relevance those stages have to the proof of isomorphism though I'd assume there is some relevance since otherwise the question would be a little disjoint; my only thought so far is that it relates to the first isomorphism theorem for groups, since we have a group homomorphism and a set of cosets, but I can't see how to make it work in this example. We did a similar question in lectures involving proving that D_{2n} \cong \langle x,y \ | \ x^n, y^2, (xy)^2 \rangle where injectivity was proven by rewriting elements of the group as words of the form x^ky^l using the given relations, and concluding that \#G \leq 2n. I have tried something similar with this question but am struggling to rewrite elements of G in a similar form (though I'd guess there'd be an irreducible factor of (xy)^m in the word somewhere) which is useful.
 
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