Publications and Co-Author vs Second Author

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The discussion centers on the distinction between being a second author and a co-author in academic publications, particularly in the context of a paper in Mechanical Engineering. The individual has contributed significantly to the research, including conducting experiments and writing code, and is considering requesting co-authorship from their adviser. It is noted that many journals allow for an "author contributions" section, which can clarify each author's role and ensure proper credit. The consensus suggests that the individual may have a valid case for co-first authorship based on their contributions, though the final decision rests with the adviser. Ultimately, the terms "second author" and "co-author" do not differ in print appearance, but their implications can vary by field.
member 428835
Hi PF!

I am about to submit a publication, but as of now I think I am listed as second author (the only authors on this paper are my adviser and me). Is there a substantial difference between second author vs. co-author?

Also, my adviser wrote the majority of the manuscript, though I wrote some and contributed to some analytical results that were missing. We together had a lot of conversations where we both helped the other. I wrote all the numerical code without help, I wrote all code for data processing (image processed data), and I conducted all experiments. Without me, there would not be any data. Processing this data was incredibly time-consuming and very complex, requiring strong math background.

Given this, is it wrong for me to request co-author here?
 
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If this makes a difference in your field, it would be interesting to know the field.
 
mfb said:
If this makes a difference in your field, it would be interesting to know the field.
Mechanical Engineering. We're submitting to JFM.
 
Many journals allow inclusion of a section entitled "author contributions" which details each author's roles in conceiving the research, performing the experiments, analyzing the data, and writing the manuscript (see http://blogs.nature.com/nautilus/2007/11/post_12.html for examples). It could be helpful to include such a statement to ensure you get proper credit for your work. Based on what you said, I think you would probably be justified in asking your advisor for co-first authorship, though the final decision is up to him and you should probably respect that decision.

(note: I am not so familiar with the field of engineering. I mainly work in biology where first author is most prestigious for students and postdocs and last/corresponding author is more prestigious for senior researchers)
 
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Stupid question: What's the difference (in print appearance) between "second author" and "co-author"?
 
Thanks for your response Ygggdrasil. jtbell, that's not a stupid question at all, and now that you mention it, there isn't one.
 
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