To separate sodium from a mixture of sodium chloride and water-soluble impurities, it's essential to clarify the goal: whether the aim is to remove Na+ ions or to isolate them. Sodium itself cannot be extracted from water due to its reactive nature, as it forms sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas when in contact with water. For purification purposes, using an ion exchange resin is a recommended method. The discussion emphasizes the need for specificity regarding the types of impurities present to effectively address the separation process.