Quick question about radiation pressure?

In summary, light can be used to exert pressure on a surface, known as light sails, to accelerate space ships. This is because light is a transverse wave and when it interacts with charged particles, it accelerates them in a direction perpendicular to its trajectory. The pressure is due to the momentum of the photon, which points in the direction of travel. In the case of an electromagnetic wave reflecting off a conductor, the magnetic field discontinuity at the surface creates a force due to surface current, which results in the pressure.
  • #1
jeebs
325
4
it's apparently well known that light can exert pressure on a surface, which could be used as a light sail or whatever they are called, to accelerate space ships. however, light is a transverse wave, so when it interacts with charged particles it will accelerate them in a direction perpendicular to its trajectory, right?

so how does radiation pressure happen, if I'm right in assuming that the pressure is due to the momentum of the photon, which points in the direction that the photon is travelling?
why does a transverse excitation produce a forward-acting force?
 
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  • #2
I would analyse in a simple case of an em wave reflecting off of a conductor. The electric field is ideally zero at the interface so it can't exert much force anyway. However, the magnetic field is discontinuous at the surface. That discontinuity is created by a surface current. If you do JxB then you get a force which is your pressure.
 

1. What is radiation pressure?

Radiation pressure is the pressure exerted by electromagnetic radiation on a surface or object. This pressure is caused by the transfer of momentum from the photons in the radiation to the surface.

2. How does radiation pressure affect objects?

Radiation pressure can cause objects to move or accelerate if the radiation is strong enough. It can also cause objects to heat up if the radiation is absorbed by the object.

3. Is radiation pressure harmful to humans?

In small amounts, radiation pressure is not harmful to humans. However, if exposed to high levels of radiation, it can cause damage to cells and tissues in the body.

4. What are some real-life applications of radiation pressure?

Radiation pressure is used in various scientific and technological applications such as solar sails, laser propulsion, and optical tweezers for manipulating small particles. It is also important in understanding the behavior of stars and other celestial bodies.

5. How is radiation pressure measured?

Radiation pressure is measured in units of force per unit area, such as newtons per square meter. It can be measured using specialized instruments, such as a radiometer, which measures the force exerted by radiation on a surface.

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