Relation between intensity and amplitude

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on the mathematical relationship between intensity and amplitude in wave interference, specifically in double slit experiments. Two methods are presented for calculating intensity: summing two waves in complex form and taking the real part squared (I=[Re(A)]²), and summing the waves to find the resultant complex amplitude and then taking the modulus squared (I=AA*). Both methods yield the same result under specific conditions, particularly when the angle of approach is zero or pi. The discussion also touches on the derivation of intensity from electric field strength, highlighting the equivalence of the two approaches in certain scenarios.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of complex numbers and their properties
  • Familiarity with wave interference principles
  • Knowledge of electric field intensity equations, specifically I=cε0E²
  • Basic grasp of trigonometric functions and their relation to waveforms
NEXT STEPS
  • Explore the derivation of intensity from electric field strength in electromagnetic waves
  • Study the principles of wave superposition and interference patterns
  • Learn about the mathematical properties of complex numbers in wave mechanics
  • Investigate the implications of phase differences in wave interference
USEFUL FOR

Physicists, engineering students, and anyone studying wave mechanics or optics, particularly those interested in wave interference phenomena.

albega
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When superposing waves in say double slit interference from two slits, I seem to have come across two approaches:
1. Sum the two waves in complex form to get the resultant amplitude, take the real part, and square to get the intensity, i.e I=[Re(A)]2
2. Sum the two waves in complex form to get the resultant complex amplitude. Then take the modulus squared to get the intensity, i.e I=AA*.
What is it that makes these two approaches give the same result. Mathematically they seem to be different to me. Also, where does the second come from? I know I=cε0E2 but this doesn't involve the modulus does it?
 
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If you think of the complex A in the exponential form, ## A = r e^{i \theta} ##, then ## [Re(A)]^2 =( r \cos \theta) ^2##.
Also, ## AA^* = r e^{i \theta}r e^{-i \theta} =r^2##, therefore these are mathematically the same only when you are approaching head on (angle = 0 or pi).
 

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