Shielding Effect and Chemical Shift

AI Thread Summary
In chloroethene (vinyl chloride), the chemical shifts of hydrogen atoms are influenced by the electronegativity of chlorine and the presence of a double bond. The hydrogen on the Cl-CH= group experiences the most deshielding due to chlorine's electron-withdrawing effect, resulting in the largest chemical shift. The hydrogen in the cis position to chlorine is next, as it is slightly closer to the electron density, while the trans hydrogen is the least deshielded and has the smallest chemical shift. Understanding the relationship between electronegativity and shielding is crucial for accurately ranking these hydrogen atoms. This discussion highlights the importance of recognizing how electron density affects chemical shifts in NMR spectroscopy.
edimeo25
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Homework Statement


Given a molecule of chloroethene (vinyl chloride) or ClCH=CH2. Rank the hydrogen atoms in the molecule in terms of which will have the greatest chemical shift.


Homework Equations


None


The Attempt at a Solution


Since the Cl and the double bond are both electron-rich, this affects the shielding of each proton. So to rank them, I think it could go one of two ways:
1) The proton on the Cl-CH= is the most blinded (smallest chemical shift) since it is between the two electron-rich groups, followed by the proton in the cis position to the Cl since it is slightly closer to the electronic density than the H in the trans position to the Cl.
OR
2) The reverse order so: the H on the Cl-CH= is the least blinded (largest chemical shift) because the Cl is electronegative and is withdrawing the electron density from the H. Then the H in the cis position to the Cl would be 2nd rank in terms of blinding and then followed by the H in the trans position to the Cl (being the least blinded) because all of its electron density is being pulled toward the double bond and the Cl.

I think I'm a bit mixed up on how electronegativity works, so any help would be greatly appreciated. Thanks in advance!
 
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edimeo25 said:

The Attempt at a Solution


Since the Cl and the double bond are both electron-rich, this affects the shielding of each proton. So to rank them, I think it could go one of two ways:
1) The proton on the Cl-CH= is the most blinded (smallest chemical shift) since it is between the two electron-rich groups, followed by the proton in the cis position to the Cl since it is slightly closer to the electronic density than the H in the trans position to the Cl.
OR
No. Halogens are electron rich relative to a similar carbon group but they get that way in part because they withdraw electron density from the carbon they are attached to. Therefore, the remaining carbon is electron-deficient so the geminal C-H bond is polarized with more electron density being pulled toward the carbon. This effect is called de-shielding.
 
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