I think if you really want something (and I mean so in a "no remorse" kinda way) then you will succeed in doing something substantial. Let me give you a few examples:
1. Andrew Wiles
In biographies it is said that at around the age of 12 he took an avid interest in Fermats last theorem. Naturally if you are introduced to something at that age, and are passionate you end up having an advantage of having the extra years for further development, thought, and refinement and clarification of ideas, questions, and concepts.
2. Albert Einstein
Like Wiles, Einstein thought about things at an early age. In early stages of his life he was labeled as "possibly retarded".
With these two examples, another common thing is that both of them really had the tenacity and patience to do math/physics.
My guess is that if you take the same "mental approach" (by this I mean attitude towards a pursuit of some goal be it intellectual or not), then you will increase the odds of becoming successful whether that means publicly and/or personally. If you want something and I mean really want something, all the mistakes in the world will not stop you from getting what you want and will increase the chances of you getting there in the end.
I have to say though that you are not alone pdidy in your perception of failure. The problem is that a lot of people are taught to find what they are good at and focus on that. When failure is brought up, its automatically got negative connotations attached to it and thus causes people to create a negative self-image of themselves and automatically associate "failure" with "bad".
The only failure does in my mind is remind us that we are human. If humans didn't get over their failures though then I doubt that we would any form of technology because we would have given up after our first encounter with failure.
Its purely psychological and like I said above, its not only you who is a victim of this.
Some advice for you pdidy: I would read about people who have made their mark on the human race in some field, or multiple fields and learn about where people screwed up. We all hear about success but I guarantee that for every success there are multiple screw-ups. With my example above, Andrew Wiles published an initial paper and it was found to be wrong.
So find out above the failures that people make and I hope that from this exercise, you will realize that these people were "mere mortals" just like yourself. I think you would be surprised just at how much potential the human race has.