Showing a vector field is imcompressible

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Homework Statement


Handwritten-style typeset solution to a vector field question: G = r/(4 pi r^3) with r = sqrt(x^2+y^2+z^2), showing div G = 0 via partial derivatives of x/r^3, y/r^3 and z/r^3, ending with the result 0.


Homework Equations

The Attempt at a Solution



As you can see, the solution is shown just below the question.

Essentially, I don't understand how the x, y and z component of the vector field has been separated because the numerator of the vector field's fraction is: (x^2 + y^2 + z^2)^(1/2)

It seems like they've just taken x^2 out and square rooted it to get 'x', but you can't do that, can you?
 
question dude said:

Homework Statement


Handwritten-style typeset solution showing vector field G = r/(4πr^3) with r = sqrt(x^2+y^2+z^2), and that its divergence is zero: derivatives of x/r^3, y/r^3, z/r^3 sum to 3/r^3 - 3r^2/r^5 = 0.


Homework Equations

The Attempt at a Solution



As you can see, the solution is shown just below the question.

Essentially, I don't understand how the x, y and z component of the vector field has been separated because the numerator of the vector field's fraction is: (x^2 + y^2 + z^2)^(1/2)

It seems like they've just taken x^2 out and square rooted it to get 'x', but you can't do that, can you?

That isn't what they have done. The numerator is bold faced ##\bf{r}## and the denominator is ##r##. The first is the vector and the second its magnitude. r = xi + yj + zk.
 
LCKurtz said:
That isn't what they have done. The numerator is bold faced ##\bf{r}## and the denominator is ##r##. The first is the vector and the second its magnitude. r = xi + yj + zk.

Do I treat the non-bold r as a constant?

If sub in bold r, I get:

G = [(x^2 + y^2 + z^2)^0.5 ] / 4*pi*r^3
 
question dude said:
Do I treat the non-bold r as a constant?

If sub in bold r, I get:

G = [(x^2 + y^2 + z^2)^0.5 ] / 4*pi*r^3

I just noticed in your graphic under (b) they have ##{\bf r} = \sqrt{x^2+y^2+z^2}## That should not have been a bold face r. The bold face r represents the vector and the plain r its magnitude, which is not constant.