Simple Harmonic Motion - Mass on a Spring

In summary, for a mass on a spring undergoing SHM, the restoring force is equal to the negative of the angular frequency squared times the displacement. This leads to the conclusion that the angular frequency is equal to the square root of the spring constant divided by the mass. The net force on the mass is equal to the elastic force minus the weight, which can be simplified to just the displacement from the equilibrium position multiplied by the spring constant. This may be confusing because the equilibrium position is not directly related to the actual length of the spring, but it is the position where the forces balance each other out. The restoring force has a sign to indicate its direction and can be seen as the force that brings the mass back to its equilibrium position in SH
  • #1
PFuser1232
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For a mass on a spring (vertical set up) undergoing SHM, we equate the restoring force, -kx, to -ω^2 x, coming to a conclusion that ω = [itex]\sqrt{\frac{k}{m}}[/itex]. My question is, is the restoring force |mg - T| Where T is the tension in the spring? Because this seems to be the net force. I am used to equating tension to kx, not the net force.
 
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  • #2
The oscillation is around the equilibrium position.
In the equilibrium position the spring is stretched by an amount x_o, just enough for the elastic force to be equal to the weight.
So we have
kx_o=mg.

Now if we move it a little from this equilibrium position, let say by pulling it down, the spring will be stretched by an extra amount, x. x is measured from the equilibrium position.
So the elastic force will be
F=k(x_o+x)
and the net force will be
F_net=F-mg= k(x_o+x) -mg= kx_o+kx-mg = kx.
So the net force depends only on the displacement from the equilibrium position. And this is the restoring force.
 
  • #3
MohammedRady97 said:
For a mass on a spring (vertical set up) undergoing SHM, we equate the restoring force, -kx, to -ω^2 x, coming to a conclusion that ω = [itex]\sqrt{\frac{k}{m}}[/itex]. My question is, is the restoring force |mg - T| Where T is the tension in the spring? Because this seems to be the net force. I am used to equating tension to kx, not the net force.

That looks to be along the right lines to me, except why do you have a Modulus sign there? The restoring force needs to be given a sign to tell you which way it acts. At equilibrium, T = mg. and the equilibrium position is not directly related to the actual spring length. Oscillation is about this position and the tension will increase of decrease according to the 'restoring force'.
I can see your confusion but you just need to relate the physical situation to the maths describing it.
 

1. What is simple harmonic motion?

Simple harmonic motion is a type of oscillatory motion in which an object moves back and forth in a periodic manner around an equilibrium position under the influence of a restoring force. It follows a sinusoidal pattern and is characterized by a constant amplitude and frequency.

2. What is a mass on a spring?

A mass on a spring is a simple system used to study simple harmonic motion. It consists of a mass attached to the end of a spring, which is then fixed at the other end. When the mass is displaced from its equilibrium position, the spring exerts a restoring force on the mass that causes it to oscillate back and forth.

3. What factors affect the period of a mass on a spring?

The period of a mass on a spring is affected by three main factors: the mass of the object, the spring constant (a measure of the stiffness of the spring), and the amplitude (maximum displacement) of the motion. A higher mass or stiffness will result in a longer period, while a larger amplitude will result in a shorter period.

4. What is the relationship between frequency and period in simple harmonic motion?

The frequency of simple harmonic motion is inversely proportional to the period. This means that as the frequency increases, the period decreases, and vice versa. The relationship is described by the equation f = 1/T, where f is the frequency and T is the period.

5. Can the motion of a mass on a spring be described by Newton's laws?

Yes, the motion of a mass on a spring can be described by Newton's laws of motion. The restoring force of the spring is equal to the negative of the displacement of the mass multiplied by the spring constant, according to Hooke's law. This force acts in the opposite direction of the displacement, causing the mass to accelerate and follow Newton's second law of motion (F = ma).

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