Sources of error in thermal expansion

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Sources of error in calculating thermal expansion include measurement inaccuracies, theoretical model assumptions, and uncertainties in input values. Measurement errors can arise from instrument calibration, environmental conditions, and human error. Theoretical models may simplify complex behaviors, leading to discrepancies between predicted and actual expansion. Input values, such as material properties, can also have inherent uncertainties that affect calculations. Understanding these factors is crucial for improving accuracy in thermal expansion assessments.
endurance12
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I was just wondering what would be sources of error in calculating thermal expansion
 
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Calculating based on what? A measurement? Some theoretical model?
Which inputs do you use, do they have an uncertainty? Does your model has some error?
 
The book claims the answer is that all the magnitudes are the same because "the gravitational force on the penguin is the same". I'm having trouble understanding this. I thought the buoyant force was equal to the weight of the fluid displaced. Weight depends on mass which depends on density. Therefore, due to the differing densities the buoyant force will be different in each case? Is this incorrect?

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