Specific volumes of a saturated substance due to pressure

Click For Summary
SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on the relationship between specific volume and pressure in saturated substances, specifically how the specific volume of a saturated liquid increases with rising pressure while that of a saturated vapor decreases. The mathematical expressions provided include the differential volume change for liquids, represented as $$dV=V(-\kappa dP+\alpha dT)$$, where $$\alpha$$ is the coefficient of thermal expansion and $$\kappa$$ is the bulk compressibility. The Clausius-Clapeyron equation is referenced to explain the conditions under which the specific volume of saturated vapor increases with pressure. The conversation also touches on the conceptual understanding of bulk compressibility and bulk modulus.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of thermodynamic principles, particularly the Clausius-Clapeyron equation.
  • Familiarity with the concepts of specific volume, thermal expansion, and bulk compressibility.
  • Basic knowledge of calculus as it applies to differential equations in thermodynamics.
  • Experience with ideal gas law and its implications for vapor behavior.
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the Clausius-Clapeyron equation in detail to understand phase transitions.
  • Learn about the relationship between thermal expansion and bulk compressibility in various materials.
  • Explore the implications of the Buckingham-Pi theorem in thermodynamic systems.
  • Investigate the differences between bulk compressibility and bulk modulus in fluid mechanics.
USEFUL FOR

This discussion is beneficial for students and professionals in thermodynamics, particularly those studying fluid mechanics, chemical engineering, and materials science. It provides insights into the behavior of saturated substances under varying pressure conditions.

mech-eng
Messages
825
Reaction score
13
I cannot understand why specific volume of a saturated liquid rises when pressure rises, specific volume of saturated vapor reduces when pressure rises. This made me remember buckingham-pi theorem. Is there any equational approach or formulation that show this?

Thank you.
 
Engineering news on Phys.org
The specific volume of a liquid is typically expressed according to $$dV=V(-\kappa dP+\alpha dT)$$where ##\alpha## is the coefficient of thermal expansion and ##\kappa## is the bulk compressibility. If the specific volume of a saturated liquid increases with saturation vapor pressure, it means that $$\frac{dP_{sat}(T)}{dT}<\frac{\alpha}{\kappa}$$So the thermal expansion wins out over the bulk compression.

The specific volume of a vapor that can be approximated by the ideal gas law is given by:
$$V=\frac{RT}{P}$$
So, $$dV=\frac{V}{T}dT-\frac{V}{P}dP=V\left(-\frac{dP}{P}+\frac{dT}{T}\right)$$ So the coefficient of thermal expansion of an ideal gas is 1/T and the bulk compressibility is 1/P. If the specific volume of the saturated vapor increases with the saturation vapor pressure, it means that $$\frac{dP_{sat}(T)}{dT}>\frac{P_{sat}}{T}$$From the Clausius-Clapeyron equation, all that this requires is for the heat of vaporization to be positive (which it is).
 
  • Like
Likes   Reactions: mech-eng
are bulk compressibility and bulk module the same things?
Chestermiller said:
The specific volume of a liquid is typically expressed according to
dV=V(−κdP+αdT)​
dV=V(-\kappa dP+\alpha dT)where α\alpha is the coefficient of thermal expansion and κ\kappa is the bulk compressibility
What is the name of above equation? I cannot remember if I ever saw it in undergraduate thermodynamics books?

Thank you.
 
mech-eng said:
are bulk compressibility and bulk module the same things?

What is the name of above equation? I cannot remember if I ever saw it in undergraduate thermodynamics books?

Thank you.
In freshman physics, you learned about thermal expansion and bulk compressibility of solids and liquids. This equation is just the combination of the two.
 
Chestermiller said:
The specific volume of a liquid is typically expressed according to
dV=V(−κdP+αdT)​
dV=V(-\kappa dP+\alpha dT)where α\alpha is the coefficient of thermal expansion and κ\kappa is the bulk compressibility. If the specific volume of a saturated liquid increases with saturation vapor pressure, it means that
dPsat(T)dT<ακ​

Above you have done a very instructive proof but for that proof we have already assumed that "specific volume of a saturated liquid increases with saturatino vapor pressure." Is this an experimental knowledge, being similar to natural laws being known by only experience with no counter situations against observed such as four laws of thermodynamics and Newton's three laws of motion?

Thank you.
 

Similar threads

  • · Replies 3 ·
Replies
3
Views
6K
  • · Replies 3 ·
Replies
3
Views
5K
Replies
18
Views
2K
  • · Replies 45 ·
2
Replies
45
Views
6K
  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
1K
  • · Replies 2 ·
Replies
2
Views
4K
Replies
6
Views
6K
  • · Replies 3 ·
Replies
3
Views
5K
  • · Replies 28 ·
Replies
28
Views
4K
  • · Replies 4 ·
Replies
4
Views
2K