To compute the summation of x^2 from 0 to 3 without using built-in functions, a for loop can be utilized to accumulate the sum. The process involves initializing a variable to hold the total sum, iterating through the values from 0 to 3, calculating the square of each value, and adding it to the total. An alternative approach is to use a vectorized method by creating a vector of ones and performing element-wise multiplication with the squared values. This can be achieved without built-in functions by generating a zero vector and then adding one. Additionally, the dot product of a vector with itself can be employed to obtain the sum of squares efficiently. Overall, leveraging MATLAB's vector-based capabilities can simplify the computation.