Synapse: chemical vs electrical

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers on the comparison between electrical and chemical synapses in neuronal communication, exploring the reasons for the predominance of chemical synapses despite the faster transmission speed of electrical synapses. It includes theoretical considerations, potential implications for evolutionary biology, and the modulation of synaptic strength.

Discussion Character

  • Debate/contested
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Exploratory

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants note that electrical transmission between neurons is significantly faster than chemical transmission, questioning why electrical synapses are less common in the body.
  • One participant suggests that neurotransmitters may function similarly to endocrine hormones, raising questions about their roles and mechanisms.
  • Another participant argues that the ability to modulate the strength of transmission is a key advantage of chemical synapses over electrical connections, which may be less adaptable.
  • It is proposed that electrical synapses are passive and nonselective, complicating their regulation and coordination in brain function compared to chemical synapses.
  • A participant mentions that during early development, animals have more gap junctions, which may indicate a greater susceptibility to environmental influences before stabilizing with chemical synapses.
  • One participant raises a related question about the implications of chemical transmission speed on evolutionary processes, specifically referencing a claim about dinosaurs and the relay of signals from their tails to their brains.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the advantages and disadvantages of electrical versus chemical synapses, and there is no consensus on the implications of chemical transmission speed for evolutionary biology.

Contextual Notes

Some claims rely on assumptions about the nature of synaptic transmission and the evolutionary context, which may not be universally accepted or verified.

Suraj M
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electric transmission between 2 neurons is way faster than by chemical neurotransmitters...
then why are there so few electric transmission based synapses in our body??
 
Biology news on Phys.org
Maybe neurotransmitters are like endocrinic hormones, or is there no ink at all?
 
Electrical synapse strength itself is tightly regulated by connectivity (density of electrical synapses) between cells. I assume one of the primary problems with electrical synapses is that they're passive and nonselective to any particular ion. They don't always excite or always inhibit; instead, they seek charge equilibrium between the two cells they connect. Further, they allow passage beyond ions, letting signaling molecules pass between cells. So all these together likely make it difficult to regulate whole brain coordination between cells compared to chemical synapses.

During early developmental, animals have a lot of gap junctions and as the brain becomes more stable, chemical synapses take over. This suggests to me that a brain with a lot of gap junctions is more susceptible to environment (with respect to how it develops and wires itself) and once the organism is developed, much of the processing has been internalized and automated and the more functionally idiosyncratic chemical synapses take over brain function.

Gap Junctions in Developing Thalamic and Neocortical Neuronal Networks
http://cercor.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2013/07/10/cercor.bht175.full
 
Suraj M said:
electric transmission between 2 neurons is way faster than by chemical neurotransmitters...
then why are there so few electric transmission based synapses in our body??

You mean like a spark gap? That would be so bad for so many reasons...
 
Andy Resnick said:
You mean like a spark gap? That would be so bad for so many reasons...
considering the gap is 20nm wide.
 
okay thank you guys, for these replies.
A related question. My prof. was telling us that the slow speed of chemical transmission played an important role in the extinction of dinosaurs.
He also added that it took hours for a particular signal to be relayed from their tail to their tiny little brain. Is this true?
 
mark! said:
Maybe neurotransmitters are like endocrinic hormones, or is there no link at all?
Endocrine hormones would imply the involvement of blood.
 

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