The Alternating Series Error Estimate

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The maximum error of S4 compared to the infinite series can be determined using the Alternating Series Error Estimate, which states that the error is less than the absolute value of the next term, b(n+1). In this case, S4 is calculated as -14/17 and S5 as -25/26. The actual sum S lies between S4 and S3, meaning that the error cannot exceed the distance between these two consecutive partial sums. This principle highlights that while the exact value of S may not be known, the bounds can be established through the properties of alternating series. Understanding these bounds is crucial for estimating convergence and error in such series.
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summation from 1 to infinite: (5n)/(n^2+1)
What is the maximum amount of error of s4 as compared to the infinite series?

error=S-Sn<bn+1



I got S4=-14/17
and S5=-25/26
but how you suppose to get S? i though you can't tell what a alternating series converge to
 
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The key point about an "alternating series", with decreasing terms, is that the sum up to a_n lies between the sum up to a_{n-1} and the sum up to a_{n-2}. And, therefore, the actual sum lies between any two consective partial sums. That is, the entire sum lies between S_4 and S_3 so the error cannot be larger than the distance between those two.
 
Question: A clock's minute hand has length 4 and its hour hand has length 3. What is the distance between the tips at the moment when it is increasing most rapidly?(Putnam Exam Question) Answer: Making assumption that both the hands moves at constant angular velocities, the answer is ## \sqrt{7} .## But don't you think this assumption is somewhat doubtful and wrong?

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