Theory for acceleration of a cart: lab experiment

Click For Summary
The discussion revolves around a lab experiment designed to verify Newton's Second Law using a cart and a hanging mass. The experiment involves calculating the acceleration of the system while accounting for factors like rolling friction and tension in the string. The user has derived equations based on free body diagrams but is struggling to isolate the unknowns, specifically the mass of the cart and the coefficient of rolling friction. It is suggested that measuring acceleration could help determine the unknown mass, but the relationship with the coefficient of rolling friction remains unclear. The conversation emphasizes the challenge of solving for multiple unknowns in the context of the experiment.
Ascrapper
Messages
1
Reaction score
0

Homework Statement


In a lab experiment in my introductory physics class, we are asked to verify Newton's Second Law by taking data from an experiment and then comparing that data to a theory. We are given a cart of unknown mass m_{}1 is put on a horizontal track with a string attached over a pulley to a hanging mass m_{}2. It is given that both masses are moving as one system and therefore have the same acceleration. My problem lies with the theory part of this experiment: how am I supposed to solve for the acceleration with known values? Let the acceleration of the system be a, the rolling frictional force f_{}r, the coefficient of rolling friction μ_{}r, the normal force F_{}N, the tension in the string T, and the acceleration due to gravity g.
This picture is similar to what our experiment looks like: http://www.physicssource.ca/images/cart_forcesensor_track.gif

Homework Equations


Newton's Second Law, F=ma


The Attempt at a Solution


Perhaps there is something intuitive about the mass of the cart and the coefficient of rolling friction that I am not seeing but I just can't figure it out. Here is what I have so far:

First I set up a free body diagram of the mass of the cart m_{}1 to show that:
ƩF_{}x=f_{}r-T=m_{}1*a (Equation 1)
ƩF_{}y=F_{}N-m_{}1*g=0, So F_{}N=m_{}1*g
Also, we know that f_{}r=μ_{}r*F_{}N, So f_{}r=μ_{}r*m_{}1*g

Now I set up a free body diagram of the hanging mass to show:
ƩF_{}x=0
ƩF_{}y=T-m_{}2*g, so T=m_{}2*(g+a)

Substituting all back into Equation 1:
μ_{}r*m_{}1*g-m_{}2*(g+a)=m_{}1*a
μ_{}r*m_{}1*g-m_{}2*g-m_{}2*a=m_{}1*a
g*(μ_{}r*m_{}1-m_{}2)=a*(m_{}1+m_{}2)
(g*(μ_{}r*m_{}1+m_{}2))/(m_{}1+m_{}2)=a

This is where I am stuck: How am I to get rid of or solve for these two unknown values μ_{}r and m_{}1?
 
Last edited by a moderator:
Physics news on Phys.org
Except for a minus sign I got what you have. I'm guessing you measure acceleration and are supposed to figure out m1? Without knowing μ_r you have done as much as you can.
 
The book claims the answer is that all the magnitudes are the same because "the gravitational force on the penguin is the same". I'm having trouble understanding this. I thought the buoyant force was equal to the weight of the fluid displaced. Weight depends on mass which depends on density. Therefore, due to the differing densities the buoyant force will be different in each case? Is this incorrect?

Similar threads

  • · Replies 8 ·
Replies
8
Views
2K
  • · Replies 15 ·
Replies
15
Views
6K
Replies
13
Views
2K
  • · Replies 3 ·
Replies
3
Views
2K
  • · Replies 97 ·
4
Replies
97
Views
14K
  • · Replies 2 ·
Replies
2
Views
1K
  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
1K
  • · Replies 6 ·
Replies
6
Views
2K
  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
1K
Replies
13
Views
2K