Thermal efficiency: reversible and irreversible machines

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SUMMARY

The thermal efficiency of an irreversible machine is strictly less than that of a reversible machine when both operate between the same temperatures, T_H and T_C. This conclusion is supported by the Clausius inequality, which states that the integral of δQ/T for an irreversible cycle is less than zero. The argument against the possibility of an irreversible machine having equal or greater efficiency than a reversible machine relies on the violation of the second principle of thermodynamics, which would allow for heat flow from a cold to a hot source. Thus, the proof establishes that the thermal efficiency of irreversible machines cannot exceed that of reversible machines.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of the second law of thermodynamics
  • Familiarity with thermal efficiency concepts
  • Knowledge of reversible and irreversible processes
  • Basic grasp of Clausius inequality
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the implications of the second law of thermodynamics in thermodynamic cycles
  • Explore examples of reversible and irreversible machines in practical applications
  • Learn about the derivation and applications of Clausius inequality
  • Investigate the concept of ideal efficiency in thermodynamic systems
USEFUL FOR

Students of thermodynamics, engineers designing thermal systems, and researchers focusing on energy efficiency in mechanical processes.

DavideGenoa
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In the proof of Clausius inequality ##\oint\frac{\delta Q}{T}<0## for an irreversible cycle, I always find the fact that the thermal efficiency of an irreversible machine is **stricly less** than the thermal efficiency of a reversible machine, both operating between temperatures ##T_H## and ##T_C##.
Nevertheless my book and all the resources that I have found prove by reductio ad absurdum that, between the temperatures ##T_H## and ##T_C##, the thermal efficiency of an irreversible machine is (only) **less or equal** to the thermal efficiency of a reversible machine because, if it were strictly greater, the positive work done by an irreversible thermal machinee could be used to activate a reversible machine used as a chiller, and the resulting composed machine would produce a flow of heat from a cold source at the temperature ##T_C## to a hot one at the temperature ##T_H##, violating the second principle of thermodynamics.

How can it be proved that the thermal efficiency of an irreversible machine is strictly less than the thermal efficiency of a reversible machine operating between the same two temperatures ##T_C## and ##T_F##?
##\infty## thanks for any answer!
 
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If you have machine A exactly at the ideal efficiency, you can use another ideal machine B to revert the system to the previous state. Or just run A backwards. Your irreversible process is now part of a reversible process => contradiction
 
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Brilliant answer! Thank you very much!
 

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