Thermal Radiation: What is Nonthermal Radiation?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the concepts of thermal and nonthermal radiation, exploring definitions, examples, and the nature of radiation emitted by various sources. Participants question the classification of different types of radiation and the relationship between thermal radiation and heat.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Debate/contested
  • Conceptual clarification

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants assert that almost all radiation in the universe is thermal, prompting questions about the definition of nonthermal radiation.
  • There is a suggestion that blackbody radiation is purely thermal, though this is not universally accepted.
  • Participants inquire whether radiation that is reflected, diffracted, or partially transmitted by bodies can be classified as nonthermal radiation.
  • One participant argues that the emission of photons by atoms transitioning to lower energy states is considered thermal radiation, despite the assertion that this process is unrelated to heat.
  • Another participant distinguishes between thermal and nonthermal radiation, providing examples such as filament light bulbs and LCD monitors to illustrate the differences.
  • It is noted that light from the sun is primarily thermal, while phenomena like the aurora borealis are categorized as nonthermal radiation.
  • There is a claim that reflected light loses its thermal nature due to the varying strengths of reflection across different wavelengths.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the definitions and classifications of thermal versus nonthermal radiation, indicating that the discussion remains unresolved with multiple competing perspectives.

Contextual Notes

Participants reference the Boltzmann distribution in relation to thermal radiation, highlighting the statistical behavior of quantum states and the concept of thermal equilibrium, but do not reach a consensus on the implications for nonthermal radiation.

Lapidus
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I read somewhere on the net that almost 100 percent of radiation in the universe is thermal.

What then is nonthermal radiation? Can it be said that blackbody radiation is purely thermal?

What about all the radiation that is reflected, diffracted or partly transmitted by bodies, is that nonthermal radiation?

I also read that emission of photon by atoms when they jump into lower states is thermal radiation. How can this be? That has nothing to do with heat.

thanks
 
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Lapidus said:
I read somewhere on the net that almost 100 percent of radiation in the universe is thermal.

What then is nonthermal radiation? Can it be said that blackbody radiation is purely thermal?

What about all the radiation that is reflected, diffracted or partly transmitted by bodies, is that nonthermal radiation?

I also read that emission of photon by atoms when they jump into lower states is thermal radiation. How can this be? That has nothing to do with heat.

thanks

Rigorously speaking, "thermal radiation" should be taken to mean, "Radiation from an ensemble of quantum states that is described by a Boltzmann distribution" (see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boltzmann_distribution). It has *nothing* to do with heat per se, but instead only has to do with the statistical behavior of quantum systems defined by a given temperature. The frequencies of the radiation will depend on the spacing between the quantum states. The temperature will determine the relative populations of the quantum states, which are assumed to be in thermal equilibrium.
 
Thermal radiation is black body radiation. Nonthermal radiation is anything else. Light from a filament light bulb is thermal, while light from your LCD monitor is nonthermal. Light from the sun is themal (mostly), while light from aurora borealis is not. Light reflected by an opaque object loses its thermal nature since some wavelengths are reflected more strongly than others.
 
Lapidus said:
I read somewhere on the net that almost 100 percent of radiation in the universe is thermal.

What then is nonthermal radiation? Can it be said that blackbody radiation is purely thermal?

What about all the radiation that is reflected, diffracted or partly transmitted by bodies, is that nonthermal radiation?

I also read that emission of photon by atoms when they jump into lower states is thermal radiation. How can this be? That has nothing to do with heat.

thanks

Please cite ALL sources. https://www.physicsforums.com/blog.php?b=2703" .

Zz.
 
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