Transistor Amp Amplification: DC vs AC | Frequency Impact

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Discussion Overview

The discussion focuses on the differences in amplification characteristics of transistor amplifiers when connected to DC versus AC sources, particularly examining the impact of bypass capacitors and frequency response. Participants explore theoretical aspects, practical implications, and specific configurations related to gain calculations.

Discussion Character

  • Technical explanation
  • Mathematical reasoning
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant notes that a transistor amplifier connected to a DC voltage source exhibits larger gain with a bypass capacitor compared to without, questioning if this holds true for AC as well.
  • Another participant states that without the emitter bypass capacitor and series coupling capacitors, the gain for both AC and DC is approximately Rc / Re.
  • It is mentioned that for AC, the effect of the emitter resistor is significantly reduced with the bypass capacitor, resulting in a much higher gain.
  • A participant introduces the concept of internal emitter resistance (re) and suggests that if the bypass capacitor shorts the AC, the maximum possible gain becomes -Rc/re.
  • Further inquiries are made regarding the frequency response differences between setups with and without a decoupling capacitor, leading to a question about the non-linear frequency dependence of transistor amplifiers.
  • Participants discuss gain calculations, indicating that with the bypass capacitor, the gain is Rc / re, while without it, the gain is Rc / (re + Re).
  • One participant emphasizes that the bypass capacitor must have low enough reactance to be negligible compared to the emitter resistor's resistance at the lowest frequency to be amplified, or else the gain will revert to the previous situation.
  • There is agreement that it is reasonable to assert that transistor amplifiers exhibit non-linear frequency dependence due to limited bandwidth.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express some agreement on the effects of bypass capacitors on gain and the concept of non-linear frequency dependence. However, there are varying interpretations of how these factors interact with AC and DC amplification, indicating that multiple competing views remain.

Contextual Notes

Participants note that the gain calculations depend on specific conditions, such as the values of resistances and the presence of bypass capacitors. The discussion highlights the complexity of frequency response and its implications for amplifier design.

kjell
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Homework Statement


I'm interested in the difference between the way a transistor amplifier amplifies with DC and with AC. I know that a transistor amplifier connected to a DC voltage source will have a larger gain with a bypass capacitor than without. Is this also the case when connected to AC? Is the gain the same on DC as it is on AC? How does frequency figure into things?


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Without the emitter bypass capacitor, and without the series coupling capacitors, the gain for AC and DC is close to Rc / Re.


However, for AC, the effect of the emitter resistor is much reduced with the bypass capacitor and the gain is much higher.

Also, of course, AC can pass through the coupling capacitors while DC can't.
 
The transistor also has an internal emitter resistance re, which is usually in 10 ohms range.

if the bypass emitter cap shorts the AC, the only remaining resistance becomes re

and the max possible gain comes out to -Rc/re
 
Thanks for the informative comments.

I have one other related question. I know that the gain is higher with a decoupling capacitor but is there a difference in the frequency response between a setup with a decoupling capacitor and a setup without a decoupling capacitor?

Is it reasonable to say that the transistor amplifier has non-linear frequency dependence?
 
Last edited:
vk6kro said:
Without the emitter bypass capacitor, and without the series coupling capacitors, the gain for AC and DC is close to Rc / Re.

I did some checking and it looks like the gain is Rc / re WITH the bypass capacitor and
Rc / (re + Re) WITHOUT the bypass capacitor.
 
I did some checking and it looks like the gain is Rc / re WITH the bypass capacitor and
Rc / (re + Re) WITHOUT the bypass capacitor.

Yes, that is right.

Without the bypass capacitor, the gain depends mainly on the ratio of RC/RE if rb is small enough to be negligible.
eg if RC= 50 K and RE= 10 K and rb =150 ohms, gain = 50 / 10.15 = 4.926
Without considering rb, gain = 50 / 10 = 5... very close to the same gain and it doesn't depend on the transistor gain provided the gain is 50 or more.

Incidentally the bypass capacitor should have a low enough reactance so that it is negligible compared to the emitter resistor's resistance at the lowest frequency to be amplified. Otherwise, the gain will drop back to the above situation.

Is it reasonable to say that the transistor amplifier has non-linear frequency dependence?
Yes, it is reasonable. All amplifiers have limited bandwidth, meaning their gain cannot be equal at all frequencies.
 
Last edited:

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