Transverse acceleration in polar coordinates

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on calculating the transverse acceleration of a particle moving in polar coordinates, specifically using the equations ##p(t) = Re^{\omega t}## and ##\varphi(t) = \omega t##. The derived transverse acceleration is ##2\omega^2Re^{\omega t}##, confirmed by textbook solutions. A secondary problem involves a particle described by ##r(t) = bt## and ##\varphi(t) = \frac{c}{t}##, leading to a velocity of ##b## and an acceleration of ##0##, raising questions about the correctness of the approach.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of polar coordinates and their applications in physics.
  • Knowledge of differentiation and vector calculus.
  • Familiarity with the concepts of velocity and acceleration in a polar coordinate system.
  • Ability to manipulate and differentiate exponential functions.
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the derivation of acceleration in polar coordinates using the unit vectors ##\vec{e_p}## and ##\vec{e_\varphi}##.
  • Explore the implications of varying angular velocity in polar motion.
  • Learn about the relationship between radial and angular components in polar coordinate systems.
  • Investigate more complex motion scenarios involving time-varying radius and angle.
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Students and educators in physics, particularly those focusing on mechanics and polar coordinate systems, as well as anyone seeking to deepen their understanding of motion in non-Cartesian coordinates.

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Homework Statement


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A particle is moving along a curve described by ##p(t) = Re^{\omega t}## and ##\varphi (t) = \omega t##. What is the particles transverse acceleration?

Homework Equations


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None

The Attempt at a Solution


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The position vector is ##Re^{\omega t} \vec{e_p}##. Differentiating once to get the velocity:

$$\vec{v} = \frac{d\vec{p}}{dt} = \omega Re^{\omega t}\vec{e_p} + R\omega e^{\omega t}\vec{e_\varphi}$$

And again to get the acceleration:

$$\vec{a} = \frac{d\vec{v}}{dt} = \omega^2 Re^{\omega t}\vec{e_p} + \omega^2 Re^{\omega t}\vec{e_\varphi} + \omega^2 Re^{\omega t}\vec{e_\varphi} - \omega^2 Re^{\omega t}\vec{e_p} = 2\omega^2Re^{\omega t}\vec{e_\varphi}$$

This means that the transverse acceleration is ##2\omega^2Re^{\omega t}##. This answer is in line with the solution provided in my textbook, but I have a question: why did I never need to use the fact that ##\varphi (t) = \omega t##? I feel like my understanding is incomplete here and I'm not sure why.
 
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Nevermind; it was a silly question :) (It was necessary to differentiate the unit vector ##\vec{e_p}##.)
 
Last edited:
Actually, I have another related problem that's similar enough I thought I'd add it here rather than start a new thread - hope that's OK:

Homework Statement



A particle's movement along a curve is described in polar coordinates by ##r(t) = bt## and ##\varphi (t) = \frac{c}{t}## (##b## and ##c## are constants). Find the velocity and acceleration of the particle as functions of time.

Homework Equations


[/B]
None

The Attempt at a Solution


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##\varphi(t) = \frac{c}{t} \rightarrow t = \frac{c}{\varphi}##. Substituting, we get that ##r(\varphi) = \frac{bc}{\varphi}##. To get the velocity as a function of time, we differentiate and get:

1) ##v = \frac{-bc}{\varphi^2} \frac{d\varphi}{dt}##
2) ##\frac{d\varphi}{dt} = \frac{-c}{t^2}##
3) ##v = \frac{-bc}{\varphi^2} \frac{-c}{t^2} = \frac{bc^2}{\varphi^2 t^2} = \frac{bc^2}{\frac{c^2}{t^2} t^2} = b##

This doesn't sound right. The velocity of the particle is just ##b## (and, therefore, the acceleration is ##0##)?
 
Just a quick thread bump, hoping someone can still help. Thank you.
 

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