Transverse acceleration in polar coordinates

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The discussion focuses on calculating the transverse acceleration of a particle moving in polar coordinates, specifically using the equations p(t) = Re^{\omega t} and φ(t) = ωt. The derived transverse acceleration is found to be 2ω²Re^{ωt}, which aligns with the textbook solution. A question arises regarding the necessity of φ(t) in the calculations, leading to clarification that it is essential for differentiating the unit vector e_p. Additionally, a related problem is presented about a particle's movement with r(t) = bt and φ(t) = c/t, where confusion exists regarding the velocity and acceleration calculations, with the conclusion that the velocity is constant at b and acceleration is zero.
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Homework Statement


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A particle is moving along a curve described by ##p(t) = Re^{\omega t}## and ##\varphi (t) = \omega t##. What is the particles transverse acceleration?

Homework Equations


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None

The Attempt at a Solution


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The position vector is ##Re^{\omega t} \vec{e_p}##. Differentiating once to get the velocity:

$$\vec{v} = \frac{d\vec{p}}{dt} = \omega Re^{\omega t}\vec{e_p} + R\omega e^{\omega t}\vec{e_\varphi}$$

And again to get the acceleration:

$$\vec{a} = \frac{d\vec{v}}{dt} = \omega^2 Re^{\omega t}\vec{e_p} + \omega^2 Re^{\omega t}\vec{e_\varphi} + \omega^2 Re^{\omega t}\vec{e_\varphi} - \omega^2 Re^{\omega t}\vec{e_p} = 2\omega^2Re^{\omega t}\vec{e_\varphi}$$

This means that the transverse acceleration is ##2\omega^2Re^{\omega t}##. This answer is in line with the solution provided in my textbook, but I have a question: why did I never need to use the fact that ##\varphi (t) = \omega t##? I feel like my understanding is incomplete here and I'm not sure why.
 
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Nevermind; it was a silly question :) (It was necessary to differentiate the unit vector ##\vec{e_p}##.)
 
Last edited:
Actually, I have another related problem that's similar enough I thought I'd add it here rather than start a new thread - hope that's OK:

Homework Statement



A particle's movement along a curve is described in polar coordinates by ##r(t) = bt## and ##\varphi (t) = \frac{c}{t}## (##b## and ##c## are constants). Find the velocity and acceleration of the particle as functions of time.

Homework Equations


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None

The Attempt at a Solution


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##\varphi(t) = \frac{c}{t} \rightarrow t = \frac{c}{\varphi}##. Substituting, we get that ##r(\varphi) = \frac{bc}{\varphi}##. To get the velocity as a function of time, we differentiate and get:

1) ##v = \frac{-bc}{\varphi^2} \frac{d\varphi}{dt}##
2) ##\frac{d\varphi}{dt} = \frac{-c}{t^2}##
3) ##v = \frac{-bc}{\varphi^2} \frac{-c}{t^2} = \frac{bc^2}{\varphi^2 t^2} = \frac{bc^2}{\frac{c^2}{t^2} t^2} = b##

This doesn't sound right. The velocity of the particle is just ##b## (and, therefore, the acceleration is ##0##)?
 
Just a quick thread bump, hoping someone can still help. Thank you.
 
The book claims the answer is that all the magnitudes are the same because "the gravitational force on the penguin is the same". I'm having trouble understanding this. I thought the buoyant force was equal to the weight of the fluid displaced. Weight depends on mass which depends on density. Therefore, due to the differing densities the buoyant force will be different in each case? Is this incorrect?

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