When installing an operating system on a new hard drive, it is possible to install directly onto a single partition, although creating multiple partitions such as /Boot, /Data, /Home, and a swap partition is recommended for better organization and performance. Issues may arise when attempting to boot from a USB drive, even after changing BIOS settings to prioritize USB booting. If the laptop does not detect the USB drive, using GRUB from the drive with Ubuntu may be a viable alternative to troubleshoot booting problems.