Understanding Feedback Control in Klystrons

AI Thread Summary
The discussion centers on the behavior of klystrons when feedback is applied to their input, contrasting them with magnetrons, which operate solely as oscillators. It highlights the complexities of feedback in high-frequency tubes like klystrons, questioning how much feedback can be utilized before the device transitions from amplifier to oscillator. The conversation touches on the methods of reducing feedback amplitude in RF applications, noting that feedback control mechanisms are crucial for maintaining amplifier functionality. Additionally, it mentions the potential for any amplifier to become an oscillator with the right feedback configuration, particularly referencing reflex klystrons for oscillation purposes. The risks of oscillation when improving amplifier performance through feedback adjustments are also noted.
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I was puzzled when I thought about what happens to a klystron when it's output is fed back to it's input.

This doesn't apply to magnetrons because they cannot be driven like amplifiers so they are oscillators by definition.
I've dealt with audio amplifiers mostly and there almost always feedback is used whether positive or negative.

But I do not know how it is with high frequency tubes like klystrons , how much feedback you can use and still have an amplifier and when it becomes an oscillator that then resonates at some frequency determined by the geometry of the tube or it's cavities.
At lower frequencies in audio amplifiers for example feedback is decreased in amplitude by passing it through resistors and then fed back into the input stage. But I am not familiar with how feedback is decreased in amplitude in RF applications.

What are the feedback control mechanisms for a klystron or other RF tube for example?Another question I am thinking about is how one would couple a wire loop from a toroidal (or any other shaped core) to a waveguide?
 
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Any amplifier can become an oscillator by arranging feedback with a loop gain of unity at only the required frequency. There are too many methods of adjusting the frequency to list.
If you want to make an oscillator from a klystron, select a reflex klystron.

Improving an amplifier, by adjusting the feedback, is fraught with a high probability of oscillation. The named oscillator eponyms, are failed amplifier designers.
 
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