Understanding Steel Strength: How Does Steel Fail?

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    Metallurgy Steel
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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers on the mechanical properties of steel, specifically focusing on yield strength, tensile strength, and the implications of prolonged loading on steel components. Participants explore concepts such as creep and metal fatigue in relation to the performance and longevity of a stainless steel part under repeated low-level stress.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant describes the relationship between yield strength, tensile strength, and the elastic modulus of steel, questioning the effects of prolonged loading below the yield strength.
  • Another participant introduces the concept of creep, suggesting it may lead to permanent deformation even below the yield point over time.
  • A different participant counters that creep is typically a concern at high temperatures and asserts that metal fatigue can occur with repeated loading below the yield point, noting that loads less than half the yield point are generally safe.
  • The original poster expresses relief at the information regarding metal fatigue and acknowledges the need to further investigate this topic.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants do not reach a consensus on the effects of prolonged loading below the yield point, as there are differing views on the relevance of creep and metal fatigue. The discussion remains unresolved regarding the specific implications for the steel part in question.

Contextual Notes

There are limitations in the discussion regarding the specific conditions under which creep and metal fatigue occur, including temperature effects and the precise definitions of loading conditions. The scope of the discussion is also limited to the context of the specific steel part mentioned.

pete
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I have a question about the nature of steel. As I understand it to measure the bending strength of a rod of steel there is the yield strength and the tensile strength. On a plotted line for the elastic modulus there is the elastic part to start. Anywhere on this part of the graph a load can be applied and the rod will deform a corresponding amount but return to it’s original position afterwards. After a certain amount of weight or force you hit the yield strength and the rod will no longer return to it’s original shape. There are some other ways to measure the strength of the rod but my question only refers, I think, to these two.
I have a stainless steel part, a 300 or possibly a 400 if needed and a load is being applied that is well below it’s yield strength. So every time the mechanism is activated the steel part transfers the load as it should. Under load it will bend a tiny amount then return to its original form. So according to this all I need to do is make it large enough to have it’s yield point above the force applied and it’ll work forever, but what if that force is applied for extend periods, like over night or repeatedly at a high frequency for years? If it’s below the yield point dose it make no difference? Or is there an accumulative strain that will eventually leave the part misshapen.
The force involved is pretty low, the part is 12mm by 10mm with a bolt being tightened by hand no more than 30mm from the fulcrum on the longest side. The part moves about 1mm then is braced but the space is tight and if the part was to bend over time about 2-3mm it would mean it no longer worked. This description isn't really really needed for the question but if it paints a picture maybe it’ll help.
 
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I'm not an expert but you might need to read up on creep. I believe this is permanent deformation at below the yield point over time?
 
If your load is well below the yield point, and at normal temperatures, then creep will not happen. Creep is normally a problem at high temperatures, such as in turbine blades.

A ductile metal part can fail when it is repeatedly loaded to below its yield point. This is called metal fatigue. Metal fatigue is an entire subject of its own, but if your repetitive load is less than about half the yield point, you should be good.
 
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Normal temps. I will read up on fatigue but for now less than half the yeild point puts my mind to rest. Thanks for the advice guys.
 

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