Unique Fixed Point: Proving F^3 is a Contraction

In summary: The argument is that if there exists an x such that f(f(x))=x, then x=f(x). This contradicts the assumption that f has a unique fixed point.
  • #1
diligence
144
0

Homework Statement


Suppose F is mapping of a nonempty complete metric space into itself, and that
F^3 = F o F o F is a contraction (o's denote composition). Show that f has a unique fixed point.

The Attempt at a Solution


Isn't this kind of a trick question? Suppose f does not have a unique fixed point. Then there does not exist a unique x such that f(x)=x. Hence there doesn't exist a unique x s.t. f(f(x))=f(x)=x. Hence there doesn't exist a unique x s.t. f(f(f(x)))=f(f(x))=f(x)=x.

But this contradicts the assumption that F^3 is a contraction, since any contraction on a complete metric space has a unique fixed point.

What am I missing here, this is too easy!
 
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  • #2


diligence said:

Homework Statement


Suppose F is mapping of a nonempty complete metric space into itself, and that
F^3 = F o F o F is a contraction (o's denote composition). Show that f has a unique fixed point.


The Attempt at a Solution


Isn't this kind of a trick question? Suppose f does not have a unique fixed point. Then there does not exist a unique x such that f(x)=x. Hence there doesn't exist a unique x s.t. f(f(x))=f(x)=x.

Why can't there exists an x such that f(f(x))=x??
And why must f(f(x))=f(x)? You don't know that f(x) is a fixed point of f...
 
  • #3


micromass said:
Why can't there exists an x such that f(f(x))=x??
And why must f(f(x))=f(x)? You don't know that f(x) is a fixed point of f...

If I move towards a contradiction by supposing the contrary, that there doesn't exist a unique fixed point for f, then there is no unique x st f(x)=x (they may exist but not unique). Let y=f(x). Then there is no unique y st f(y)=y ----> no unique f(x) st f(f(x))=f(x), and further, there is no unique x st f(x)=x, so no unique x st f(f(x))=f(x)=x.

Continuing in this fashion leads to a contradiction that there is no unique fixed point for f^3, since by hypothesis f^3 is a contraction mapping (which implies f^3 has a unique fixed point). Hence the assumption that f has no unique fixed point is false.

Am I missing the forest for the trees? What's wrong with this argument? (Sorry for mixing up the F's and f's earlier, and also while this is a graduate comp question I'm actually an undergrad. Supposedly the graduate analysis course at my university is comparable to an honors undergrad analysis elsewhere).
 
  • #4


You have now given an argument why there can't exist an x such that f(f(x))=f(x)=x. This is ok.
But why can't there exist an x such that f(f(x))=x without x=f(x)?
 

Related to Unique Fixed Point: Proving F^3 is a Contraction

Question 1: What is a unique fixed point?

A unique fixed point is a point in a function where the input and output are equal. In other words, it is a point where the function does not change the value of the input.

Question 2: How is the uniqueness of a fixed point proven?

The uniqueness of a fixed point can be proven by showing that the function is a contraction, meaning that it decreases the distance between any two points in the function's domain. This ensures that there can only be one point where the input and output are equal.

Question 3: What is F^3 in the context of proving a unique fixed point?

In the context of proving a unique fixed point, F^3 refers to the composition of the function F with itself three times. This allows us to analyze the behavior of the function over multiple iterations and determine if it is a contraction.

Question 4: Why is proving F^3 as a contraction important in proving a unique fixed point?

Proving F^3 as a contraction is important because it allows us to show that the function has a unique fixed point. If a function is not a contraction, it is possible to have multiple fixed points, which would make it difficult to prove the uniqueness of the fixed point.

Question 5: How is the contraction property of F^3 proven?

The contraction property of F^3 can be proven by using the mean value theorem or by directly calculating the Lipschitz constant of the function. Both methods involve comparing the distance between two points before and after applying the function, and showing that it decreases by a certain factor.

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