Webb Launch Mechanics: Tangential Speed Benefits?

In summary, the French Guiana launch site was chosen for the JWST project due to its proximity to the equator, resulting in a higher initial tangential speed for the launch. However, the difference in tangential speed between launching from French Guiana and a US location is negligible compared to the difficulty and danger of moving the JWST to French Guiana. Additionally, the larger diameter of the Ariane rocket used by the European Space Agency, one of the partners in the project, allows for a more precise trajectory and extended fuel life for the JWST.
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RobtO
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Why was Webb launched from French Guiana?
When I read about the launch location, it is explained that the French Guiana launch site was chosen because it is close to the equator, which means it started with a larger tangential speed than if it were launched from a US location. However, doing the numbers, I find that an initial tangential speed of 460 m/s only gives you about 2 m/s tangential speed at L2, while the orbital speed needed is 500 m/s. So the difference between 2 m/s tangential speed and 88% of that (from a US launch site) seems completely negligible, compared to the difficulty/danger of moving Webb to French Guiana. Is there something I'm missing here?
 
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The Ariane rocket from the European Space Agency has a larger diameter for payload than any US rocket, and ESA is one of the partners in the JWST project. Ariane is launched from the ESA facility in French Guiana.

The Ariane performed admirably putting JWST into an unexpectedly precise trajectory. Because of that, estimates say that JWST's fuel will last for 20 years instead of 10 years.
 
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1. What is tangential speed and how does it benefit the Webb Launch Mechanics?

Tangential speed is the speed at which an object moves along a tangent line. In the context of Webb Launch Mechanics, it refers to the speed at which the Webb telescope is launched into orbit around the Earth. This speed is crucial for achieving the desired orbit and ensuring the success of the launch.

2. How is tangential speed calculated for the Webb Launch Mechanics?

Tangential speed is calculated using the formula v = √(GM/r), where v is the tangential speed, G is the gravitational constant, M is the mass of the Earth, and r is the distance between the center of the Earth and the launch site. This calculation takes into account the gravitational pull of the Earth and the distance from the launch site to determine the necessary speed for a successful launch.

3. What are the benefits of achieving the necessary tangential speed for the Webb Launch Mechanics?

The main benefit of achieving the necessary tangential speed is that it allows the Webb telescope to enter and maintain its desired orbit around the Earth. This orbit is crucial for the telescope to perform its intended functions, such as observing distant galaxies and planets. Additionally, achieving the necessary speed also ensures the safety and success of the launch.

4. Are there any challenges associated with achieving the required tangential speed for the Webb Launch Mechanics?

Yes, there are several challenges associated with achieving the required tangential speed for the Webb Launch Mechanics. These include the precision and accuracy of the launch trajectory, the effects of atmospheric drag, and the potential for technical malfunctions. These challenges require careful planning and execution to ensure a successful launch.

5. How does the tangential speed of the Webb Launch Mechanics compare to other space launches?

The tangential speed required for the Webb Launch Mechanics is similar to that of other space launches, as it follows the same basic principles of achieving orbit. However, the exact speed may vary depending on the specific launch trajectory and destination. Overall, the Webb telescope is expected to reach a speed of approximately 7.5 kilometers per second (4.7 miles per second) during its launch into orbit.

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