A major refers to the primary area of study in an academic program, typically resulting in a bachelor's degree, such as a Bachelor of Science (BSc) in Chemistry. A minor is a secondary focus that consists of a smaller set of courses related to a different subject, providing additional knowledge without the depth of a major. In some educational systems, particularly in the UK, degrees can combine majors with specific minors, such as "Chemistry with Molecular Physics." However, in certain countries, the concept of a minor may not exist, and students graduate with a single major without the option for additional classes. The discussion highlights the differences in academic structures across various countries and the implications for students regarding course loads and degree requirements.