What Are the Limits of Interactive Proofs: Why Does MIP Fall Within NEXP?

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Interactive proofs (IP) are shown to be contained within PSPACE by analyzing the decision tree of the prover, which can be managed with polynomial space. However, the scenario changes with multiple provers, where traversing multiple trees simultaneously leads to the conclusion that MIP is contained within NEXP. This raises questions about the limitations of interactive proofs when scaling to multiple provers. The discussion emphasizes the complexity differences between single and multiple prover systems. Understanding these distinctions is crucial for theoretical computer science.
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You can prove that \mathbf{IP} \subset \mathbf{PSPACE} by traversing the exponentially large decision tree of the prover, which takes only polynomial amount of space at a time.

Why can't you do the same in the case of multiple provers? You'd traverse polynomially many trees at a time instead of one, but that should only require poly space. Instead, \mathbf{MIP} \subset \mathbf{NEXP}.
 
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