PhD application deadlines in the northern hemisphere vary significantly by region and program. In the UK, particularly for physics, deadlines typically range from January to March. In the US, deadlines are generally earlier, with specific programs like the University of Colorado having a January 1 deadline. Other notable institutions such as Berkeley, UCLA, and Stanford set their deadlines around December 15 and 16, while the University of Michigan's deadline is January 15. Most graduate programs finalize their decisions and extend offers by April 15.