The discussion centers on recommended textbooks for understanding geometrical and wave optics at the undergraduate level. "Hecht" is highlighted as a comprehensive resource for these topics. Additionally, "Klein and Furtak" is mentioned as another valuable reference. For more advanced study, "Born and Wolf" is suggested. The "Pedrotti" series is also noted, with an emphasis on its evolution to include multiple authors sharing the same name, which may cause some confusion. Overall, these texts are recognized for their depth and clarity in explaining optical principles.