Electromagnetic (EM) waves consist of mutually perpendicular electric and magnetic fields that propagate through space. In a vacuum, these fields can be described mathematically using sinusoidal functions, represented as E=E1sin(w(T-X/C)) for the electric field and B=B1sin(w(T-X/C)) for the magnetic field. The discussion emphasizes the importance of understanding the basics of EM waves before seeking help, encouraging self-study through resources like Google and textbooks. It highlights the community's role in assisting those who have foundational knowledge and specific questions. Engaging with the material independently is essential for meaningful discussions in the forum.