What Determines the Stiffness of a Spring?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the factors that determine the stiffness of a spring, exploring the underlying physics, including intermolecular forces and material properties. It touches on concepts relevant to both theoretical understanding and practical applications in coursework.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification

Main Points Raised

  • One participant inquires about the physics behind spring stiffness, specifically mentioning intermolecular bonds.
  • Another participant explains that atoms in solids are at an equilibrium distance due to the balance of attractive and repulsive forces, which contributes to the energy required to stretch or compress a spring.
  • A different contribution highlights the modulus of elasticity as a relevant concept for understanding stiffness.
  • It is noted that all materials exhibit stiffness, which is influenced by the extent of extension under a given force, with references to Young's modulus for springs typically made of iron.
  • Another participant introduces various types of stiffness, such as axial stiffness and bending stiffness, defining stiffness in terms of the force required to deflect a solid by a unit amount.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants present multiple perspectives on the nature of stiffness and its determinants, indicating that there is no consensus on a singular explanation or model.

Contextual Notes

The discussion includes references to specific physical principles and material properties but does not resolve the complexities or assumptions underlying these concepts.

Who May Find This Useful

This discussion may be useful for students and individuals interested in the mechanics of materials, particularly those studying physics or engineering concepts related to elasticity and stiffness.

fatboy_1989
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Does anybody know why a spring has a stiffness, does anyone know the physics behind it like the intermoleculaor bonds etc. This would be a great help as my coursework has to be handed in next week. Thanks
 
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Hi fatboy_1989, welcome to PF. The atoms in any solid are spaced at an equilibrium distance from each other, at the balancing point between attraction and repulsion. (The attraction is electrostatic--electrons attracted to another atom's protons--and the repulsion is caused by the exclusion principle, if you've studied that.) The equilibrium spacing is the lowest-energy configuration, so it takes energy to stretch or compress it. When you stretch a spring, the work you are doing adds this energy.
 
thanks a lot very very appreciated
 
all materials have its stiffness. the strength of stiffness depends on the extension of the material under a definite amount of force ... the lower the extension, the stiffer the material is... in other words, it depends on the young modulus of spring, which is usally made of iron.
for forces between metallic atoms, it is usally consists of two kind forces - one with short-range repulsive force and that long-range attractive force.

for details, you can search on the internet or reference books.
 
Stiffness comes in many flavors. "Axial stiffness" [itex]AE/L[/itex] or "Bending Stiffness" [itex]E I / L[/itex], Torsional or Twisting [itex]J G/ L[/itex]... The list goes on... By definition (as related to the solution of most problems) the stiffness is the amount of force it takes to deflect something (usually a solid) by 1 unit.
 

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