What force holds together like charges in a capacitor, or a battery

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In a capacitor, like charges are held in place by the electric field created between the oppositely charged plates, despite the repulsion between like charges. When a potential difference is applied, it facilitates the movement of electrons, allowing them to accumulate on one plate while protons remain on the other. The electrochemical reaction in a battery generates the necessary voltage to maintain this charge separation. If a connection is provided, charges can flow between the plates, but without a path, they remain stationary. Ultimately, the forces involved are linked to the voltage source and the electric field established in the capacitor.
torxxx
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I was wondering what force hold together like charges in capacitor, battery...

we have a capacitor having two oppositely -charged plates so my question is what holds the electrons with electrons in one plate and what holds protons with protons in other plate since like charges repel each other .

Thanks in advance.
 
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If you provide the charges some way to get from one side to the other they do that. A cable is the most common type of connection. If they don't have a way to go from one side to the other they just stay where they are. If you apply a sufficiently large potential you can even push more like charges on the plates, charging the capacitor more.
 
torxxx said:
my question is what holds the electrons with electrons in one plate and what holds protons with protons in other plate since like charges repel each other
Whatever force causes the voltage that charges the capacitor. If it is charged by a battery then the force of the electrochemical reaction. If it is a generator then the force of whatever is powering the generator.
 
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