What Happens to Orbital and Spin Momentum of Free Electrons in Iron?

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the behavior of free electrons in iron and their contribution to magnetism. It establishes that valence electrons in iron are not bound to individual atoms but are instead influenced by the overall metallic structure, akin to gas molecules in a confined space. The confusion arises regarding the orbital and spin momentum of these free electrons, particularly how they maintain magnetic properties despite their apparent freedom. The key takeaway is that the collective interactions of these electrons contribute to the magnetic moments that define iron's magnetism.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of electron behavior in solid-state physics
  • Familiarity with concepts of magnetic moments
  • Knowledge of band theory, specifically valence and conduction bands
  • Basic principles of magnetism in materials
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Physicists, materials scientists, and students studying solid-state physics or magnetism who seek to understand the behavior of electrons in ferromagnetic materials like iron.

cronnin
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Theory explains magnetism in iron as a combined effect of magnetic moments of electrons. Now, what is confusing me is that valence electrons in iron are supposed to be free. The valence band and conduction band overlap. So, what kind of orbital and spin-ular momentum do these free electrons actually have? I may also ask, what does it mean to be free? When the current flows through the iron plate, do these electrons leave their atoms and wander around, settling with another nucleus?
 
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cronnin said:
settling with another nucleus
They are more free than that. They have no 'parent' atom at all. they are just held inside the whole mass of the metal and located (roughly) by the attraction of the +ions and the repulsion of the other free -electrons. It's analogous to the molecules of a gas in a box.
 
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So what happens with orbital and spin magnetic moment? How does iron stay magnetic if all valence electrons roam free without unified momentum?
 

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