Calculus is the mathematical study of continuous change, focusing on concepts such as limits, derivatives, and integrals. It allows for the understanding of how forces influence changes in various phenomena, such as the motion of falling objects or population growth. The fundamental theorem of calculus connects the rate of change of area under a curve with the height of the curve. In contrast, analysis is the theoretical framework that underpins calculus, exploring the principles behind its applications. Understanding both subjects requires engaging with different types of texts to appreciate their distinct approaches.