What is Force? - A General Definition

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the definition of force, exploring its most general form and implications in various contexts, including classical physics and philosophical considerations. Participants examine the relationship between force, momentum, and acceleration, while also addressing potential circular definitions and the applicability of Newton's laws.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Debate/contested
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Technical explanation

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants propose that the most general definition of force is the rate of change of momentum, expressed as ∑F = dp/dt.
  • Others argue that this definition can be circular, particularly when considering the implications of Newton's laws and the definition of inertial frames.
  • A participant mentions that the expression F = ma is not universally applicable, especially in cases involving variable mass, such as rocketry.
  • Another viewpoint suggests that replacing "force" with "acceleration" can simplify understanding opposing forces.
  • Some participants highlight the need for practical examples across different fields, such as electromagnetism and fluid dynamics, to break circular definitions.
  • A later reply questions the validity of defining force solely in terms of momentum, suggesting that it leads to circular logic.
  • One participant reflects on the nature of force as a concept of change, emphasizing its role in physical events.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express multiple competing views regarding the definition of force, with no consensus reached on a singular definition. Disagreements arise over the implications of circular definitions and the applicability of Newton's laws in various contexts.

Contextual Notes

Some discussions involve unresolved assumptions about the definitions of force and momentum, as well as the conditions under which Newton's laws apply. The conversation also touches on the philosophical implications of defining physical concepts.

Who May Find This Useful

This discussion may be of interest to students and enthusiasts of physics, philosophy of science, and those exploring foundational concepts in mechanics.

  • #61
force is an abstract concept

In my opinion, force is neither m.a nor p/t.It is just an abstract concept that we try to find proportional and anti-proportional affects on it by m.a or p/t.It is only an affect that changes the position of things...well that is just an opinion..if a good physician corrects or add something to this opinion,I will appreciate him.
 
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  • #62
erjean said:
In my opinion, force is neither m.a nor p/t.It is just an abstract concept that we try to find proportional and anti-proportional affects on it by m.a or p/t.It is only an affect that changes the position of things...well that is just an opinion..if a good physician corrects or add something to this opinion,I will appreciate him.

Maybe you should read this thread:

https://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?t=117898

P.S. a "physician" is a medical doctor. People with physics degrees are called "physicists".

Zz.
 
  • #63
Thank you Zz.

ZapperZ said:
Maybe you should read this thread:

https://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?t=117898

P.S. a "physician" is a medical doctor. People with physics degrees are called "physicists".

Zz.
Hi Zz,
thank you for the link .actually I wanted to post my opinion to this thread but i think i did a mistake and it appeared under a new thread.secondly thank you for P.S. .i thought ,if one who has math degree is an mathematician then one who has physics degree might be physician:) ..well this happens always when you try to speak a foreign langugae.
 
  • #64
ZapperZ said:
Maybe you should read this thread:

https://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?t=117898

Zz.

Woo hoo! Someone finally referenced the thread I started on this earlier! :cool: Which I was about to do myself. True, the wording of the title was a bit different, but I feel I was essentially asking the same question as the OP here.

Actually I kept thinking about that thread and I think it cleared things up for me quite a bit.

Here's my take on force and Newton's laws:

The purpose of classical mechanics is to account for the 'complicated' motion of bodies (rocks, arrows, cars, planets...). Intuitively we recognise that an object's 'complicated motion' arises from the influence of other objects upon it. 'Force' is our special word, for the influence that a body has on another body's motion.

The ancients thought that 'uncomplicated' motion was rest, and therefore non-rest needed explaining, in terms of the influence of other bodies. Newton said that actually 'uncomplicated motion' was uniform-velocity, and it is changes in velocity that arise from the influence of other objects. That's the basic content of Newton's FIRST Law (not second): to define force as 'that influence from one body, which changes another body's velocity'. (regarding different frames of reference, I presume the physical content of N1 is to assert that there are frames of reference in which it is true, and then we can do maths later to worry about the frames of reference in which it is not true)

Newton's Second law then elaborates. To me it actually contains several statements about the way nature works... there's a lot of subtle points hidden in 'F=ma'.

Firstly, it notices that different bodies are accelerated differently by the same forces acting on them - some accelerate more, some less. So N2 states that each body has a quantity called '(inertial) mass', such that the acceleration a body experiences for a given force is inversely proportional to its mass.

Secondly it asserts (or maybe just requires) that that mass is the same for all situations that the body might find itself in, and that the mass is constant over time. If the mass appears to change, it is because the body has broken up, or stuck to something else, such that the masses of bodies 'add up' in the simple way.

Thirdly it asserts that when more than one force acts on a body, the forces add vectorially.

Well that's what I got out of the discussion anyway. I'm still turning over all those concepts in my mind.
 
  • #65
(Or, Gokul's one-liner in post 35!)
 
  • #66
Nancarrow said:
Woo hoo! Someone finally referenced the thread I started on this earlier!

Actually, I referenced it more for the link to Wilczek's articles and a few of the posts in here than anything else.

Zz.
 

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