What is the Default Speed of an Electron in a Vacuum?

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The speed of an electron in a vacuum is not fixed and can vary based on the observer's frame of reference. An electron can theoretically have zero speed, but this is complicated by the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, which suggests that if its velocity were zero, its position would be infinitely uncertain. In practical terms, electrons can be accelerated to speeds very close to the speed of light, as demonstrated by CERN's accelerator, which achieves speeds of approximately 0.999999999 times the speed of light. The discussion emphasizes that there is no universally agreed-upon default speed for electrons, as their velocity is influenced by energy input and external conditions. Ultimately, the concept of a single speed for all electrons is not applicable in the context of physics.
physx_420
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This isn't a homework question but if it belongs in another thread please tell me so I can switch it.

I was just wondering if there is an "agreed-upon" speed that an electron would travel in say a vacuum? I understand that one can continue adding energy until the electron reaches very nearly the speed of light, but how fast does it go to begin with? Sorry in advanced if this is somewhat trivial.
 
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A speed relative to what?
 
hi physx_420! :wink:

an electron can have zero speed

as Dr Lots-o'watts says, its speed depends on the frame of the observer :smile:
 
A group at the University of Washington had a single electron stored in a magnetic trap (in vacuum) for about 6 months, but one morning they looked for it and it wasn't there. How fast is that?

CERN in Switzerland built an accelerator that accelerated electrons to about 50 billion electron volts (in vacuum), which is about 0.999999999 times the speed of light.

Bob S
 
tiny-tim said:
hi physx_420! :wink:

an electron can have zero speed

Can it really? Electrons, like everything else, are subject to the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. If it's velocity is zero then it's position would be infinitely uncertain, it would have an equal probability of being anywhere in an infinite universe. I don't believe the universe is infinite to its velocity cannot be zero. It can be uncertain within a range that includes zero, but that is a different thing.
 
The expectation value for velocity can nonetheless be zero.
 
Light is the only thing that has a fixed speed relative to all reference frames so, as others said, the question doesn't make sense. There is NO one speed all electrons must have.
 
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