What is the difference between Trancducer and transponder?

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SUMMARY

The discussion clarifies the distinction between transducers and transponders. A transducer is a device that converts one form of energy into another, exemplified by microphones converting sound waves into electrical signals and speakers converting electrical signals back into sound. In contrast, a transponder is a device that receives an interrogation signal and responds with a predetermined code, commonly used in aviation for aircraft identification and in maritime settings for buoy communication.

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What is the difference between Trancducer and transponder?
 
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A transducer converts one kind of energy to another. For example, a microphone receives acoustic energy (sound pressure waves) and converts them to electrical energy (electrical signal). One more example of a transducer: a speaker converts an electrical signal into acoustic pressure waves.

A transponder receives an "interrogation signal" and responds with a preset code or signal. Airliners all have transponders; when an air controller sends a "who are you" signal, the transponder automatically resonds "I am XYZ flignt numer 123, at 25,000 feet altitude, and heading 270 degrees". The pilot is not distracted by having to transmit all this data and can concentrate of flying the aircraft.

Transponders can also be found in harbors mounted on bouys. Ships will ping on them, and they respond. The ship calculates the distance to the bouy by measuring the time it takes for the round-trip of the signal.
 

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