The work done by a constant force is calculated using the formula \( W = F s \cos(\theta) \), where \( W \) represents work, \( F \) is the magnitude of the force, \( s \) is the displacement, and \( \theta \) is the angle between the force and the displacement direction. This formula can also be expressed using the dot product of two vectors, \( W = \textbf{F} \cdot \textbf{s} \), highlighting the relationship between force and displacement in vector terms. The dot product simplifies the calculation of work when dealing with vector quantities.
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