What is the equation for calculating the speed of light in different mediums?

Click For Summary

Discussion Overview

The discussion centers around the calculation of the speed of light in different mediums, exploring the effects of various materials such as air and water on light's velocity. Participants reference concepts like the index of refraction and the implications of light's behavior in different contexts, including theoretical and practical aspects.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Debate/contested
  • Technical explanation
  • Mathematical reasoning

Main Points Raised

  • One participant notes that light travels at 3*10^8 meters/second in empty space and questions if there is an equation for its speed in other mediums.
  • Another participant suggests looking into the index of refraction as a relevant concept.
  • Some participants assert that the speed of light remains unchanged in all mediums, claiming that frequency and wavelength also remain constant, while only the angle of refraction changes.
  • One participant recalls an article suggesting that the speed of light is minutely increasing, although the amount is described as small.
  • Another participant challenges the claim that the speed of light remains unchanged, stating that the speed and wavelength do change in different mediums and that understanding this may require knowledge of quantum electrodynamics.
  • A formula for the relationship between the speed of light, the index of refraction, and velocity is presented: n = c/v.
  • One participant emphasizes that the speed of light in free space does not change regardless of the frame of reference.
  • A reference to Maxwell's equations is made, presenting a formula for the speed of light in terms of permeability and permittivity: c = 1/sqrt(με).

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express conflicting views regarding whether the speed of light changes in different mediums, with some asserting it remains constant while others argue that it does change. The discussion remains unresolved with multiple competing perspectives presented.

Contextual Notes

There are unresolved assumptions regarding the definitions of "speed of light" and "photons," as well as the implications of the index of refraction and quantum electrodynamics on the discussion.

hover
Messages
342
Reaction score
0
When moving through empty space, light travels at 3*10^8 meters/second. When moving through something like air or water, the speed of light is slowed down. Is there some type of equation that could tell me the speed of light when it moves through a gas or liquid?

Thanks
 
Science news on Phys.org
nopers, the speed of light remains unchanged through all medium.

the frequency also remains unchanged through all medium, and therefore its wavelength as well.

the only thing that changes with the index of refraction is the angle of refraction i.e. the angle at which light leaves the object in relation to the angle at which it entered the object.
 
I seem to remember and article in National Geographic that said that the speed of light is minutely increasing. The amount was significantly small, although not insignificant.
 
jeesusfreek said:
nopers, the speed of light remains unchanged through all medium.

the frequency also remains unchanged through all medium, and therefore its wavelength as well.

the only thing that changes with the index of refraction is the angle of refraction i.e. the angle at which light leaves the object in relation to the angle at which it entered the object.
You mean the speed of photons remains unchanged. The speed of light (not photon) changes in mediums because photons are absorbed and reemitted by atoms.
 
jeesusfreek said:
nopers, the speed of light remains unchanged through all medium.[..] and therefore its wavelength as well.
That's just wrong; wavelength and speed do change. This is necessary to understand optics, lenses, etc. As for the OP, to calculate and correctly understand "why" the speed changes would seem to require quantum electrodynamics.
 
n = c/v ... ( minimum post requirement )
 
Speed of light in FREE SPACE doesn't change no matter what FRAME OF REFERENCE.
 
From Maxwell -

[tex]c = \frac{1}{\sqrt{\mu\epsilon}}[/tex]
 

Similar threads

  • · Replies 6 ·
Replies
6
Views
3K
  • · Replies 2 ·
Replies
2
Views
2K
  • · Replies 4 ·
Replies
4
Views
4K
  • · Replies 3 ·
Replies
3
Views
2K
  • · Replies 5 ·
Replies
5
Views
6K
  • · Replies 5 ·
Replies
5
Views
2K
  • · Replies 93 ·
4
Replies
93
Views
7K
  • · Replies 38 ·
2
Replies
38
Views
5K
  • · Replies 8 ·
Replies
8
Views
5K
  • · Replies 9 ·
Replies
9
Views
6K