What is the equation for finding the mass of Jupiter based on Callisto's orbit?

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To find the mass of Jupiter based on Callisto's orbit, the equation used is derived from Kepler's third law and Newton's law of gravity. The mean distance of Callisto from Jupiter and its orbital period are key parameters in this calculation. The equation 4π²(R)³ / Gt² simplifies the relationship between gravitational force and centripetal force, allowing for the mass of Jupiter to be isolated. The gravitational constant (G) is included in the denominator to facilitate this calculation. Understanding these derivations can clarify the process and make it less overwhelming for students.
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Hello, i am a student taking a physics course online since my school doesn't offer it. I have come across one problem that i nor any science teacher I have access to can help me with. If you would please explain it to me then i would be more than grateful. Thank you

The problem reads...
"One of the moons of Jupiter is Callisto. It has a mean distance of 1.883 x 10^6 kilometers from Jupiter and has a period of 16.7 days. What is the mass of Jupiter?"

Can anyone please explain why the professor set up the equation as 4pie^2(R)^3 \ Gt^2 ?

Thank you
 
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Welcome to PF!
He's using Kepler's 3.law, if I'm not mistaken.
(LONG derivation..)
 
not so hard actually;
consider Newton's law of gravity, F = GmM/r^2. This law serves as our centripetal force:
mv^2/r = GmM/r^2. Simplify this and use v = r*(omega)=r*2*pie/T and you'll get rid of m and get the exact equation for M as you have.
 
As arildno said, that equation is practically just Kepler's third law, as explained by Newton (i.e. - the equation explains why Kepler's third law is true). The equation's rearranged to find the gravitational constant for Jupiter with one small variation.

If you divide the universal gravitational constant (G) out of Jupiter's gravitational constant, you'll get the mass of Jupiter. That's why the G is in the denominator of your equation.
 
niehls said:
not so hard actually;
consider Newton's law of gravity, F = GmM/r^2. This law serves as our centripetal force:
mv^2/r = GmM/r^2. Simplify this and use v = r*(omega)=r*2*pie/T and you'll get rid of m and get the exact equation for M as you have.
BLAARGH!
I'm so used to derive this to gain the relation in terms of the semi-major axis that such elegant arguments as yours are overlooked..:redface:
 
don't make it too hard on yourself :)
 
alright... thank you all very much. I guess i just got a little overwhelmed when he substituted all those equations in. Thanks again! :biggrin:
 

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